Estudio de tiempos y movimientos para la polinización artificial: estudio de caso en una plantación de Santander (Colombia)*
Author
Camperos R., Jhonatan E.
Pulido Á., Néstor F.
Munévar M., Daniel E.
Torrecilla R., Enerilson
Requena E. , Jorge A.
Arias G., Hugo A.
Mosquera Montoya, Mauricio
Estadisticas
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 41 Núm. 3 (2020); 11-23
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 41 Núm. 3 (2020); 11-23
0121-2923
Abstract
Bud rot (BR) is the most limiting disease for oil palm crops in Colombia. Since some crossings between Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis (hybrids OxG) have proven a certain degree of resistance to the attack of BR, they have been planted in Colombian regions that suffered from BR outbreaks. However, a deficient natural pollination is a characteristic of hybrids OxG, which in turn, limits the production of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The latter has forced hybrid OxG growers to implement strategies such as the assisted pollination (applying pollen from E. guineensis on flowers at anthesis) and the artificial pollination (applying α-naph- thaleneacetic acid (NAA) on flowers that need to be pollinized). These strategies have shown good results in terms of bunch formation and increase in the oil content of fruits, so growers have been prone to adopt them in order to benefit from the resistance to BR and having a profitable business. This paper focuses on artificial pollination from a labor productivity standpoint. It must be highlighted that companies have modified the method suggested by Cenipalma for applying NAA. Instead of using a liquid solution containing NAA (as recommended by Cenipalma), they have implemented a solid mixture containing NAA, arguing that it is easier to handle in the fields. The results of the method implemented by growers have been also promising and have achieved good indicators of bunch formation and oil content. A time and motion study was carried out in order to describe the method of applying a solid mixture of NAA on flowers requiring pollination. It was carried out at a plantation from Santander (Colombia) that has shown excellent results with this method. Besides describing the method, the goal of this study was to measure labor productivity for artificial pollination (by using a solid mixture containing NAA). Results indicate that at a working day a worker covers an area of 1.99 ha and the total cost of an application per flower is COP 306 (including labor, tools and inputs). La Pudrición del cogollo (PC) es la enfermedad más limitante para los cultivos de palma de aceite en Colombia. Algunos cruces entre Elaeis oleifera y Elaeis guineensis (híbridos OxG) se han plantado en regiones colombianas que sufrieron esta epidemia, dado que han demostrado un cierto grado de resistencia al ataque de la PC. Sin embargo, su polinización natural es deficiente, una característica del híbrido OxG, lo que limita la producción de racimos de fruta fresca de palma de aceite. Esto ha obligado a los cultivadores de este híbrido a implementar estrategias como la polinización asistida (aplicación de polen de E. guineensis sobre las flores en la antesis) y la polinización artifi-cial (al aplicar el ácido naftalenacético (ANA) en las flores que necesitan ser polinizadas). Estas estrategias han mostrado buenos resultados en términos de formación de racimos y aumento en el contenido de aceite de los frutos, por lo que los cultivadores han sido proclives a adoptarlas con el fin de beneficiarse frente a la resisten-cia a la PC y tener un negocio rentable. Cabe destacar que las empresas han modificado el método sugerido por la Corporación Centro de Investigación en Palma de Aceite (Cenipalma) para aplicar ANA. En lugar de utilizar una solución líquida que lo contiene (recomendado por Cenipalma), han implementado una mezcla sólida con ANA, argumentando que es más fácil de manejar en los campos. Los resultados del método utilizado por los productores también han sido prometedores, logrando buenos indicadores de formación de racimos y contenido de aceite.
Bud rot (BR) is the most limiting disease for oil palm crops in Colombia. Since some crossings between Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis (hybrids OxG) have proven a certain degree of resistance to the attack of BR, they have been planted in Colombian regions that suffered from BR outbreaks. However, a deficient natural pollination is a characteristic of hybrids OxG, which in turn, limits the production of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The latter has forced hybrid OxG growers to implement strategies such as the assisted pollination (applying pollen from E. guineensis on flowers at anthesis) and the artificial pollination (applying α-naph- thaleneacetic acid (NAA) on flowers that need to be pollinized). These strategies have shown good results in terms of bunch formation and increase in the oil content of fruits, so growers have been prone to adopt them in order to benefit from the resistance to BR and having a profitable business. This paper focuses on artificial pollination from a labor productivity standpoint. It must be highlighted that companies have modified the method suggested by Cenipalma for applying NAA. Instead of using a liquid solution containing NAA (as recommended by Cenipalma), they have implemented a solid mixture containing NAA, arguing that it is easier to handle in the fields. The results of the method implemented by growers have been also promising and have achieved good indicators of bunch formation and oil content. A time and motion study was carried out in order to describe the method of applying a solid mixture of NAA on flowers requiring pollination. It was carried out at a plantation from Santander (Colombia) that has shown excellent results with this method. Besides describing the method, the goal of this study was to measure labor productivity for artificial pollination (by using a solid mixture containing NAA). Results indicate that at a working day a worker covers an area of 1.99 ha and the total cost of an application per flower is COP 306 (including labor, tools and inputs).
Palabras clave:
costo unitario
híbrido OxG
ácido naftalenacético
Elaeis oleifera
Elaeis guineensis
productividad de la mano de obra
costo unitario
híbrido OxG
ácido naftalenacético
Elaeis oleifera
Elaeis guineensis
productividad de la mano de obra