Erradicaciones sistemáticas de palma de aceite adulta Deli x Ekona como práctica de manejo para condiciones de alto sombreamiento: Systematic Eradications in Adult Oil Palm Deli x Ekona Used as Management Practice in High Shading Conditions

Camperos, Jonathan E.; Ruíz-Romero, Rodrigo; Rey-Picón, R.; Romero-Angulo, Hernán M.

Erradicaciones sistemáticas de palma de aceite adulta Deli x Ekona como práctica de manejo para condiciones de alto sombreamiento: Systematic Eradications in Adult Oil Palm Deli x Ekona Used as Management Practice in High Shading Conditions

Autores

Camperos, Jonathan E.

Ruíz-Romero, Rodrigo

Rey-Picón, R.

Romero-Angulo, Hernán M.

Editor

Fedepalma

Descripción

Ten-year-old palms of Deli x Ekona planted at 143 palms ha-1 presented a deformation and progressive reduction in the size of bunches, due to the acute angle that their leaves presented (<45o, with respect to the vertical) in most of the levels. These deformations could prevent the arrival of pollinators at the time of the anthesis, affecting the formation of bunches (fruit set). To correct this situation, systematic eradications or thinning of 14% and 23% of the total palms per hectare were carried out. Vegetative measurements, yield records and leaf area index were taken. As a result of thinning, there was a lower growth of the stem per year in the thinned palms of 14% and 23%, with values of 0.55 and 0.54 m year-1, while control palms showed growth of 0.64 m year-1. This response affects the commercial life of the crop, since it is possible to prolong by two (14% of thinning) and three years (23% of thinning) the permanence of this, without the difficulty that appears in the harvest due to the excessive height of the palms when they are not thinned. In addition, thinning increased the number and average weight of bunches three and four years after the procedure. Regarding the production of fresh fruit bunches (ffb), no statistical differences were observed among the treatments, although the control had a higher number of bunches due to the greater number of palms per hectare. However, towards the fourth year, this difference was attenuated for the treatment with thinning of 14%, which presented a difference of 1.1% with respect to the control, the latter being characterized by a reduction in the number and mean weight of bunches per palm.
Las palmas de 10 años de edad del cultivar Deli x Ekona, sembradas a 143 palmas/ha presentaron agudo que presentaron sus hojas (menor a 45o, con respecto a la vertical) en la mayoría de los niveles. Estas deformaciones pueden impedir la llegada de polinizadores al momento de la antesis, lo que afecta la conformación del racimo (fruit set). Para corregir esta situación, se realizaron erradicaciones sistemáticas (o raleo) del 14 y 23 % del total de palmas por hectárea. Se tomaron medidas vegetativas, registros de producción e índice de área foliar.