Efficiency of fertiliser use of oil palm planted on soils of Northern and Southern Sumatra.
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Kuala Lumpur : MPOB,
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The efficiency of fertiliser use is a major factor in determining the profitability of an oil palm estate. This efficiency consists of two components, the percentage of the fertiliser nutrients applied which are recovered by the crop and the efficiency with which the crop uses the additional nutrients to produce more yield. It is well known that the first component varies according to the site properties which influence nutrient losses (such as high rainfall or steep slope) and nutrient fixation (such as high soil P or K buffering capacity). On the other hand the variation in the efficiency with which the crop effectively uses the recovered nutrients is not well known. In this paper the efficiency of fertiliser use by oil palm of different ages, in trials carried out in both North and South Sumatra, is examined in relation to the yield levels. It is shown that the efficiency of fertiliser nutrient recovery, but not the physiological efficiency of using the nutrient uptake, declines with yield and this decline is due to the properties of the current crop material so can not be prevented. At sites which have no major limiting factors, the efficiency of fertiliser N and K uptake can approach 100% at low yield levels, but this recovery inevitably declines as the yield rises. For P however the uptake is always much lower, even at low yield levels, apparently due to adsorption of this nutrient by the soil and limiting soil moisture. The excess fertiliser nutrients, which are not taken up by the crop at high levels, are believed not lost to the estate system at non-limiting sites, but conserved in the soil thus preventing soil degradation with time. The physiological efficiency with which the palm uses the fertiliser nutrients recovered appears to depend mainly on palm age, which explains the better agronomic efficiency of response to fertiliser in South Sumatra where the palms were younger. However moisture status may also influence the physiological efficiency which was observed to be higher for N in a very high rainfall area. No decline in physiological efficiency with yield was observed, so the decline in agronomic efficiency with yield is entirely due to a reduction in nutrient uptake as the crop apparently down-regulates its nutrient transport systems.
Incluye referencias bibliográficas.
The efficiency of fertiliser use is a major factor in determining the profitability of an oil palm estate. This efficiency consists of two components, the percentage of the fertiliser nutrients applied which are recovered by the crop and the efficiency with which the crop uses the additional nutrients to produce more yield. It is well known that the first component varies according to the site properties which influence nutrient losses (such as high rainfall or steep slope) and nutrient fixation (such as high soil P or K buffering capacity). On the other hand the variation in the efficiency with which the crop effectively uses the recovered nutrients is not well known. In this paper the efficiency of fertiliser use by oil palm of different ages, in trials carried out in both North and South Sumatra, is examined in relation to the yield levels. It is shown that the efficiency of fertiliser nutrient recovery, but not the physiological efficiency of using the nutrient uptake, declines with yield and this decline is due to the properties of the current crop material so can not be prevented. At sites which have no major limiting factors, the efficiency of fertiliser N and K uptake can approach 100% at low yield levels, but this recovery inevitably declines as the yield rises. For P however the uptake is always much lower, even at low yield levels, apparently due to adsorption of this nutrient by the soil and limiting soil moisture. The excess fertiliser nutrients, which are not taken up by the crop at high levels, are believed not lost to the estate system at non-limiting sites, but conserved in the soil thus preventing soil degradation with time. The physiological efficiency with which the palm uses the fertiliser nutrients recovered appears to depend mainly on palm age, which explains the better agronomic efficiency of response to fertiliser in South Sumatra where the palms were younger. However moisture status may also influence the physiological efficiency which was observed to be higher for N in a very high rainfall area. No decline in physiological efficiency with yield was observed, so the decline in agronomic efficiency with yield is entirely due to a reduction in nutrient uptake as the crop apparently down-regulates its nutrient transport systems.
Incluye referencias bibliográficas.
The efficiency of fertiliser use is a major factor in determining the profitability of an oil palm estate. This efficiency consists of two components, the percentage of the fertiliser nutrients applied which are recovered by the crop and the efficiency with which the crop uses the additional nutrients to produce more yield. It is well known that the first component varies according to the site properties which influence nutrient losses (such as high rainfall or steep slope) and nutrient fixation (such as high soil P or K buffering capacity). On the other hand the variation in the efficiency with which the crop effectively uses the recovered nutrients is not well known. In this paper the efficiency of fertiliser use by oil palm of different ages, in trials carried out in both North and South Sumatra, is examined in relation to the yield levels. It is shown that the efficiency of fertiliser nutrient recovery, but not the physiological efficiency of using the nutrient uptake, declines with yield and this decline is due to the properties of the current crop material so can not be prevented. At sites which have no major limiting factors, the efficiency of fertiliser N and K uptake can approach 100% at low yield levels, but this recovery inevitably declines as the yield rises. For P however the uptake is always much lower, even at low yield levels, apparently due to adsorption of this nutrient by the soil and limiting soil moisture. The excess fertiliser nutrients, which are not taken up by the crop at high levels, are believed not lost to the estate system at non-limiting sites, but conserved in the soil thus preventing soil degradation with time. The physiological efficiency with which the palm uses the fertiliser nutrients recovered appears to depend mainly on palm age, which explains the better agronomic efficiency of response to fertiliser in South Sumatra where the palms were younger. However moisture status may also influence the physiological efficiency which was observed to be higher for N in a very high rainfall area. No decline in physiological efficiency with yield was observed, so the decline in agronomic efficiency with yield is entirely due to a reduction in nutrient uptake as the crop apparently down-regulates its nutrient transport systems.
Palabras clave
Eficiencia de uso de fertilizantes, Fertilización, Palma de aceite