The economics of activated carbon. - (:unkn) unknown (Londres : Roskill, 2008)
In 2007/08, tightening availability and rising production costs have led to sharp price rises for activated carbon, a market characterised by surplus capacity and stable pricing over the previous decade. Prices of coal-based grades rose by up to 80 percent between the beginning of 2007 and mid-2008, with the tight market balance also exerting pressure on prices of other grades of activated carbon. Through the early 2000s, price increases were restrained by the large surplus capacity worldwide, following capacity expansions in Asia, especially China. In 2008 production in China, which accounts for some 40 percent of both world activated carbon capacity and exports, has fallen due to metallurgical coal shortages and the three-month closure in summer of heavy industry operations in the vicinity of the Olympic Games venues to reduce air pollution. The reduced supply, the imposition of anti-dumping duties on US imports of steam-activated carbon from China since spring 2007, elimination of VAT (value added tax) rebates for Chinese exporters, currency fluctuations, and rising energy and freight rates, have all exerted upward pressure on activated carbon prices. World activated carbon cosumption is estimated at 650.000t in 2007, slightly over estimated production of 635.000t. Water treatment is by far the largest individual market, accounting for some 40 percent of world consumption. Growth in consumption in current markets is estimated at 5 percent py through 2015, rising to around 960.000t. Growth will be led by water treatment applications both in the USA, to control disinfection by products in drinking water, and in the industrialising countries of Asia, eastern Europe. Latin America and the Middle East, to upgrade the quality of drinking and wastewater. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has tightened the rules covering the level of disinfection by-products permitted in drinking water supplies. Granular activated carbon is considered the best available technology to achieve compliance and over 600 new systems are expected to be installed during the coming years. In China, 10.000 wastewater treatment plants are scheduled for construction by 2010, raising the proportion of wastewater treated from 29 to 50 percent. The next five years could see the emergence of the largest-ever market for activated carbon - use of powdered activated carbon to control mercury emissions from coal-fired power plant flue gas in North America.
In 2007/08, tightening availability and rising production costs have led to sharp price rises for activated carbon, a market characterised by surplus capacity and stable pricing over the previous decade. Prices of coal-based grades rose by up to 80 percent between the beginning of 2007 and mid-2008, with the tight market balance also exerting pressure on prices of other grades of activated carbon. Through the early 2000s, price increases were restrained by the large surplus capacity worldwide, following capacity expansions in Asia, especially China. In 2008 production in China, which accounts for some 40 percent of both world activated carbon capacity and exports, has fallen due to metallurgical coal shortages and the three-month closure in summer of heavy industry operations in the vicinity of the Olympic Games venues to reduce air pollution. The reduced supply, the imposition of anti-dumping duties on US imports of steam-activated carbon from China since spring 2007, elimination of VAT (value added tax) rebates for Chinese exporters, currency fluctuations, and rising energy and freight rates, have all exerted upward pressure on activated carbon prices. World activated carbon cosumption is estimated at 650.000t in 2007, slightly over estimated production of 635.000t. Water treatment is by far the largest individual market, accounting for some 40 percent of world consumption. Growth in consumption in current markets is estimated at 5 percent py through 2015, rising to around 960.000t. Growth will be led by water treatment applications both in the USA, to control disinfection by products in drinking water, and in the industrialising countries of Asia, eastern Europe. Latin America and the Middle East, to upgrade the quality of drinking and wastewater. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has tightened the rules covering the level of disinfection by-products permitted in drinking water supplies. Granular activated carbon is considered the best available technology to achieve compliance and over 600 new systems are expected to be installed during the coming years. In China, 10.000 wastewater treatment plants are scheduled for construction by 2010, raising the proportion of wastewater treated from 29 to 50 percent. The next five years could see the emergence of the largest-ever market for activated carbon - use of powdered activated carbon to control mercury emissions from coal-fired power plant flue gas in North America.
Keywords: Características generales; Carbón.; Consumo mundial; Países productores; Procesamiento.; Producción mundial; Propiedades.; Usos.