Colonisation of rubber wood and oil palm blocks by monokaryons and dikaryons of Ganoderma boninense : Implications to infection in the field. - (:unkn) unknown
Diseases of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense are of major economic importance in much of South East Asia but management practices are constrained by a lack of information concerning the biology of the pathogen and weaknesses in the pathogen life cycle to target for control. The current study reports the colonisation of rubber wood and oil palm blocks by monokaryons derived from basidiospores of the pathogen. Using these blocks colonised by the monokaryon, as inoculum for seedling palms, no infection occurred although using similar blocks colonised with dikaryotic mycelia (derived from compatible spores or from a bracket of the pathogen) seedling palm infection was consistently observed. From an evolutionary standpoint, colonisation of woody material (debris) by basidiospores in the field will ensure there is a greater chance of encountering another compatible mycelium or a compatible spore landing on the monokaryon, allowing dikaryotisation which appears a requirement of pathogenicity. In addition, colonisation of residues would provide a critical mass of pathogen to allow invasion of living oil palms (both as Basal Stem Rot and Upper Stem Rot). Such colonised debris would also explain the observed heterogeneity seen in Ganoderma populations even from adjacent palms.
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Diseases of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense are of major economic importance in much of South East Asia but management practices are constrained by a lack of information concerning the biology of the pathogen and weaknesses in the pathogen life cycle to target for control. The current study reports the colonisation of rubber wood and oil palm blocks by monokaryons derived from basidiospores of the pathogen. Using these blocks colonised by the monokaryon, as inoculum for seedling palms, no infection occurred although using similar blocks colonised with dikaryotic mycelia (derived from compatible spores or from a bracket of the pathogen) seedling palm infection was consistently observed. From an evolutionary standpoint, colonisation of woody material (debris) by basidiospores in the field will ensure there is a greater chance of encountering another compatible mycelium or a compatible spore landing on the monokaryon, allowing dikaryotisation which appears a requirement of pathogenicity. In addition, colonisation of residues would provide a critical mass of pathogen to allow invasion of living oil palms (both as Basal Stem Rot and Upper Stem Rot). Such colonised debris would also explain the observed heterogeneity seen in Ganoderma populations even from adjacent palms.
Keywords: Caucho.; Enfermedades de las plantas.; Ganoderma.; Mitosis.; Pudrición basal del tronco; Palma de aceite