Trials on long-term effects of application of POME on soil properties, oil palm nutrition and yields. - (:unkn) unknown (Kuala Lumpur : PORIM, 1987)
This paper describes two field trials which commenced from 1978m aookying ditch and tank digested palm oil mill effluent (POME) in graduated quantities on two soil types under oil palms, using different land application system (flatbeds and sprinklers). Although such application has been practised for some time in Peninsular Malaysia, there are few reports on its long-term effects on soil characteristics, palm nutrition and yield. In both trials, application of POME at the opytimum rates (without fertilizer supplements) gave higher yields than with normal estate inorganic fertilizers. This is attributed to soil nutrient and moisture improvement. The latter is due to direct addition of water, improved soil moisture retention through improved soil structure and moisture conservation. Tn these trials, iptimun rates appear to be between 2.5 and 10 cm rain equivalent per year depending on effluent types, frequency of application and soil series. Rates above optimun led to reduced yield, mainly due to the strong preferential adsorption of Mg and Ca over K causing imbalance in the soil eschange complex. At very high rats on an utisol it interfered with the uptake of K, as reflected in leaf K levels coming close to the critical value of 0.8. After a period of application, soil pH and base saturation were found to be linearly correlated, enabling the zone of influence from effluent application to be demarcated by pH distribution under the flatbeds. Generally, at optimun rats this zone is within 80 cm of the soil surface of effluent application. Therefore, the earlier recommended width of 2.5 m has been reduced to 1.8 for flatbeds. This makes construction cheaper and facilitates harvesting and other estate practices. With a sprinkler system, effluent distribution os maximized, with lower quntity per unit area of application. On a clayey coastal soil, the influence from tank digestef POME applied using this system for 5 years was still restricted to the top 30 cm of the soil. This suggests that any nutrient imbalance problem will be realitvely minor on coastal inceptisols which have a higher cation exchange capactiy thanb inland ultisols.
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This paper describes two field trials which commenced from 1978m aookying ditch and tank digested palm oil mill effluent (POME) in graduated quantities on two soil types under oil palms, using different land application system (flatbeds and sprinklers). Although such application has been practised for some time in Peninsular Malaysia, there are few reports on its long-term effects on soil characteristics, palm nutrition and yield. In both trials, application of POME at the opytimum rates (without fertilizer supplements) gave higher yields than with normal estate inorganic fertilizers. This is attributed to soil nutrient and moisture improvement. The latter is due to direct addition of water, improved soil moisture retention through improved soil structure and moisture conservation. Tn these trials, iptimun rates appear to be between 2.5 and 10 cm rain equivalent per year depending on effluent types, frequency of application and soil series. Rates above optimun led to reduced yield, mainly due to the strong preferential adsorption of Mg and Ca over K causing imbalance in the soil eschange complex. At very high rats on an utisol it interfered with the uptake of K, as reflected in leaf K levels coming close to the critical value of 0.8. After a period of application, soil pH and base saturation were found to be linearly correlated, enabling the zone of influence from effluent application to be demarcated by pH distribution under the flatbeds. Generally, at optimun rats this zone is within 80 cm of the soil surface of effluent application. Therefore, the earlier recommended width of 2.5 m has been reduced to 1.8 for flatbeds. This makes construction cheaper and facilitates harvesting and other estate practices. With a sprinkler system, effluent distribution os maximized, with lower quntity per unit area of application. On a clayey coastal soil, the influence from tank digestef POME applied using this system for 5 years was still restricted to the top 30 cm of the soil. This suggests that any nutrient imbalance problem will be realitvely minor on coastal inceptisols which have a higher cation exchange capactiy thanb inland ultisols.
Keywords: Aguas residuales.; Aplicación de fertilizantes; Elaeis guineensis.; Nutrición de las plantas.; Rendimiento.; Suelo.; Palma de aceite