High lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs. - (:unkn) unknown (Londres : University of London. Imperial College (Wye Campus). Department of Agricultural Sciences, 2002)
The research programme reported in this thesis was focused on the use of high lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs. A review of the use of palm oil as the main energy supply source instead of cereals to produce pigmeat, offers the opportunity for developing tropical countries to develop a pigmeat production system based on a locally available resource. It is estimated that to supply the feed (energy component) required to produce a similar live-weight (Kg) of growing-fattening pigs, between 42 and 76 percent less land area and between 63 and 85 percent lower energy input to produce this feed are required, in the palm oil feeding system compared to the maize feeding system. A retrospective analysis using a range of oil palm products in pig production, demonstrates that all the products and by-products produced as a result of the palm oil extraction process might be used as substitutes for cereals in growing-fattening pig diets. Three interrelated experiments studied the biological performance, diet digestibility, carcass characteristics, fat quality, vitamin E concentration of the meat and physiology and metabolism of the use of high lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs. A fat intake (mainly palm oil) of 500g day -1 and a protein intake from 234 to 445g day using diets which increased the lysine: DE ratio from 0.5 to 0.8 g MJ -1, were found efficient for the production of pigs from 45 to 90 Kg live weight. High palm oil diets produced pigs in which the fatty acid composition of backfat and intramuscular fat, total intramuscular fat and backfat thickness, was similar to that obtained in pigs fed a maize-based diet. Vitamin E was found to be 3 times higher in pigs fed a high palm oil diet. High palm oil diets, independently of the protein concentration used in this study, have high (92 to 98 percent) apparent dry matter, nitrogen and fat digestibilities. The use of the high lipid diets based on palm oil simulates production of endogenous somatotropin (ST), particularly during the preprandial phase. In these diets, IGF-I concentration is increased as protein intake is increased, and ST and IGF-I work in a synergistic manner to respond to a high palm oil inclusion in the diet with a increasing protein intake, to result in low fat deposition and high efficiency of use of dietary energy and protein to increase growth rate. Plasma glucose concentration is increased as the dietary lipid concentration is increased in growth diets. Plasma insulin concentration showed a post-feeding effect and a positive correlation with IGF-I. Plasma urea nitrogen was found to be similar in pigs fed similar fat intake and different protein intakes, suggesting high protein accretion as protein is increased, particularly in fattening pigs. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol and triacylglycerol concentrations increased as the lipid concentration (palm oil) is increased in the diet. Plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in pigs fed high palm oil diets, suggest high lipid mobilisation and low final fat deposition as backfat tissue. Plasma leptin concentration was higher in fattening pigs than in growing pigs, and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were similar in pigs fed high palm oil diet with different protein concentrations, and T3 and T4 showed a high correlation between themselves and with IGF-I. It was found that pigs with 25 percent Meishan genotype showed less ability to use palm oil diets efficiently thanpigs 12 1/2 percent Meishan and other commerial crossbred genotypes (Duroc, Landrace, Large White and Pietrain).
243 Ref.
The research programme reported in this thesis was focused on the use of high lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs. A review of the use of palm oil as the main energy supply source instead of cereals to produce pigmeat, offers the opportunity for developing tropical countries to develop a pigmeat production system based on a locally available resource. It is estimated that to supply the feed (energy component) required to produce a similar live-weight (Kg) of growing-fattening pigs, between 42 and 76 percent less land area and between 63 and 85 percent lower energy input to produce this feed are required, in the palm oil feeding system compared to the maize feeding system. A retrospective analysis using a range of oil palm products in pig production, demonstrates that all the products and by-products produced as a result of the palm oil extraction process might be used as substitutes for cereals in growing-fattening pig diets. Three interrelated experiments studied the biological performance, diet digestibility, carcass characteristics, fat quality, vitamin E concentration of the meat and physiology and metabolism of the use of high lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs. A fat intake (mainly palm oil) of 500g day -1 and a protein intake from 234 to 445g day using diets which increased the lysine: DE ratio from 0.5 to 0.8 g MJ -1, were found efficient for the production of pigs from 45 to 90 Kg live weight. High palm oil diets produced pigs in which the fatty acid composition of backfat and intramuscular fat, total intramuscular fat and backfat thickness, was similar to that obtained in pigs fed a maize-based diet. Vitamin E was found to be 3 times higher in pigs fed a high palm oil diet. High palm oil diets, independently of the protein concentration used in this study, have high (92 to 98 percent) apparent dry matter, nitrogen and fat digestibilities. The use of the high lipid diets based on palm oil simulates production of endogenous somatotropin (ST), particularly during the preprandial phase. In these diets, IGF-I concentration is increased as protein intake is increased, and ST and IGF-I work in a synergistic manner to respond to a high palm oil inclusion in the diet with a increasing protein intake, to result in low fat deposition and high efficiency of use of dietary energy and protein to increase growth rate. Plasma glucose concentration is increased as the dietary lipid concentration is increased in growth diets. Plasma insulin concentration showed a post-feeding effect and a positive correlation with IGF-I. Plasma urea nitrogen was found to be similar in pigs fed similar fat intake and different protein intakes, suggesting high protein accretion as protein is increased, particularly in fattening pigs. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol and triacylglycerol concentrations increased as the lipid concentration (palm oil) is increased in the diet. Plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in pigs fed high palm oil diets, suggest high lipid mobilisation and low final fat deposition as backfat tissue. Plasma leptin concentration was higher in fattening pigs than in growing pigs, and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were similar in pigs fed high palm oil diet with different protein concentrations, and T3 and T4 showed a high correlation between themselves and with IGF-I. It was found that pigs with 25 percent Meishan genotype showed less ability to use palm oil diets efficiently thanpigs 12 1/2 percent Meishan and other commerial crossbred genotypes (Duroc, Landrace, Large White and Pietrain).
Keywords: Aceite de palma; Ácidos grasos.; Alimento concentrado; Alimentos para animales; Cerdo.; Composición quimica.; dietas lípidas; Nutrición animal.; Proteínas.; Subproductos.; Vitamina e.