A mechanism for strategic export promotion in Colombia palm growth
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 19 Núm. especial (1998); 146-157
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 19 Núm. especial (1998); 146-157
0121-2923
Abstract
Quantitative restriction to import, spreading of non-custom barriers, the significant internal aids for price sustainability and specifically export taxes and subsidies to ensure international market share, as well as to place noncommercial stocks of products are increasingly off-fashioned tools. Such mechanism are evolving towards substitution of the state role by modern mechanisms, among which future markets and schemes or funds to organize the export, may involve a great relevance. In this new scenery it is intended for the private sector to be the major protagonist of marketing. In fact, international trade schemes adopted by produced countries to promote export, such as Marketing Board or Committees and the so called traditional Cajas o Fondos de Estabilización de Precios, are currently dismantled in most of the countries where they were existing. Dismantling such parastatal mechanisms, mainly in the less developed countries which have liberated their agricultural trade, has however, and resulted in quality detriment of the products exported by such countries, because private interests sometimes may neglect such aspect. For such purposes, it turns out to be relevant to discuss if the governments and/or private sectors, to assure the producers may enjoy the benefits of the world demand, by promoting collective interest an export policy programs and exports. In Colombia, sports have been encouraged by subsidized credit line, on which the country assumed reduction commitments before GATT, and the Certificado de Reembolso Tributario -CERT- (Tax Reimbursement Certificate), which often has been an offset mechanism to exchange rate valuation. With such a mechanism, oil palm agroindustry products derive benefits from the very beginning to this decade. In order to face with the new domestic and overseas market conditions, Colombian palm grower sector has devised a new mechanism to organize the export, focused to eliminate, even though tacitly, price spread between domestic and international market. Such a mechanism allows for the palm grower to transfer the resources form sales in the market offering more favorable paces, mainly that of export. Such situation generates to palm grower indifference against both markets, whereby barrier to market supply flows with lower prices. In other words, by setting order to domestic market, already well-supplied, it is intended all palm growers to enter into, by preventing from detriment of product prices. Likewise, palm growers are promoted in an attempt to position a competitive supply. Un mecanismo para la promoción estratégica de las exportaciones en la palmicultura colombiana", Ponencia presentada en la XII Conferencia Internacional sobre Palma de Aceite "Retos y oportunidades para la Palma de Aceite, realizada los días3 al 5 de septiembre de 1997 en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, a cargo del Economista, Secretario Técnico del Fondo de Estabilización de Precios del Aceite de Palma y sus Fracciones, Dr. Jairo Cendales Vargas Las restricciones cuantitativas a las importaciones, la proliferación de barreras no arancelarias, las grandes ayudas internas para la sustentación de precios y, particularmente, los tributos y subsidios a las exportaciones para garantizar participación en el mercado internacional, así como para colocar existencias no comerciales de productos son, cada vez más, instrumentos del pasado. Dichos mecanismos están evolucionando hacia la sustitución del papel del Estado por mecanismos modernos, dentro de los cuales los mercados de futuros y esquemas o fondos para organizar las exportaciones pueden tener una gran importancia. En este nuevo escenario se busca que el sector privado sea el protagonista principal de la comercialización. En efecto, los esquemas de comercio internacional adoptados por los países productores para promover las exportaciones, tales como las Juntas o Comités de Mercadeo y las tradicionales Cajas o Fondos de Estabilización de Precios están siendo desmontados en la mayoría de países donde existían. El desmonte de estos mecanismos paraestatales, principalmente en los países menos desarrollados que han liberado su comercio agrícola, ha traído, sin embargo, detrimento en la calidad de los productos exportados por algunos de ellos, en razón a que el interés privado en ocasiones puede descuidar este aspecto. En este sentido, resulta importante analizar si pueden aún hacer algo los gobiernos y/o los sectores privados, para asegurarse que los productores puedan acceder a los beneficios que ofrece la demanda mundial, promoviendo el interés colectivo para impulsar políticas o programas de exportaciones. En Colombia, las expoliaciones han sido estimuladas en el pasado, principalmente a través de líneas de crédito subsidiadas, sobre las cuales el país asumió compromisos de reducción ante el GATT, y del Certificado de Reembolso Tributario -CERT-, que en muchos casos se ha constituido en un instrumento compensatorio a la apreciación de la tasa de cambio. De este último mecanismo se benefician los productos de la agroindustria de la palma de aceite desde comienzos de la presente década. Con el fin de responder a las nuevas condiciones del mercado nacional e internacional, el sector palmicultor colombiano ha diseñado un mecanismo para organizar sus exportaciones, orientado a eliminar, así sea tácitamente, el diferencial de precios entre el mercado local e internacional. El mecanismo permite que cada palmicultor transfiera recursos provenientes de sus ventas en el mercado de precios más favorables, generalmente el nacional, a sus ventas en el mercado de precios menos favorables, generalmente el de exportaciones. Esta situación genera en el palmicultor indiferencia frente a ambos mercados, con lo cual se eliminan las barreras al flujo de oferta al mercado con menores precios. En otras palabras, al descongestionar el mercado interno, el cual está ya debidamente abastecido, se busca proteger el ingreso de todos los palmicultores, al evitar el detrimento en los precios de sus productos. Así mismo, se propicia la participación colectiva de los palmicultores en el esfuerzo por posicionar una oferta exportadora competitiva.
Quantitative restriction to import, spreading of non-custom barriers, the significant internal aids for price sustainability and specifically export taxes and subsidies to ensure international market share, as well as to place noncommercial stocks of products are increasingly off-fashioned tools. Such mechanism are evolving towards substitution of the state role by modern mechanisms, among which future markets and schemes or funds to organize the export, may involve a great relevance. In this new scenery it is intended for the private sector to be the major protagonist of marketing. In fact, international trade schemes adopted by produced countries to promote export, such as Marketing Board or Committees and the so called traditional Cajas o Fondos de Estabilización de Precios, are currently dismantled in most of the countries where they were existing. Dismantling such parastatal mechanisms, mainly in the less developed countries which have liberated their agricultural trade, has however, and resulted in quality detriment of the products exported by such countries, because private interests sometimes may neglect such aspect. For such purposes, it turns out to be relevant to discuss if the governments and/or private sectors, to assure the producers may enjoy the benefits of the world demand, by promoting collective interest an export policy programs and exports. In Colombia, sports have been encouraged by subsidized credit line, on which the country assumed reduction commitments before GATT, and the Certificado de Reembolso Tributario -CERT- (Tax Reimbursement Certificate), which often has been an offset mechanism to exchange rate valuation. With such a mechanism, oil palm agroindustry products derive benefits from the very beginning to this decade. In order to face with the new domestic and overseas market conditions, Colombian palm grower sector has devised a new mechanism to organize the export, focused to eliminate, even though tacitly, price spread between domestic and international market. Such a mechanism allows for the palm grower to transfer the resources form sales in the market offering more favorable paces, mainly that of export. Such situation generates to palm grower indifference against both markets, whereby barrier to market supply flows with lower prices. In other words, by setting order to domestic market, already well-supplied, it is intended all palm growers to enter into, by preventing from detriment of product prices. Likewise, palm growers are promoted in an attempt to position a competitive supply.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
industria de la palma
industria del aceite de palma
mercadeo
exportaciones
técnicas de mercadeo
política de comercialización
acuerdos comerciales
sector palmicultor
Colombia
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
industria de la palma
industria del aceite de palma
mercadeo
exportaciones
técnicas de mercadeo
política de comercialización
acuerdos comerciales
sector palmicultor
Colombia