Physical properties of the Llanos Orientales soils and their requirements of tillage
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 20 Núm. 1 (1999); 73-86
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 20 Núm. 1 (1999); 73-86
0121-2923
Abstract
In the article, some aspects related with the land cultivation practices are defined, which, even though they are permanently uses by professionals and researchers in cultivation, they lack precise definitions and lend themselves to much confusion Likewise, the importance of the application of plowing utensils on the ground is set forth in the control of the pedological factors of the roots and in order to obtain high output. From experimental data and the evaluation of properties and physical processes of some soils in the high Colombian prairies, discussions are held regarding the cultivation systems which are more in accordance with the present situation of the land and regarding the concepts for the creation of an arable cover, which is essential for the development and execution of conserving and non-cultivation systems, as a first stage in order to obtain sustainable soils and actually viable to have a sustainable agriculture on top of them. Some of the aspects related with the selection of cultivation treatments are also discussed when soil preparation tests are planned ; in such a way that the researcher is first conscious of what problem or problems he intends to solve upon choosing the treatments and what reply, in terms of enhancing the soils and the crops, he hopes to obtain. Finally, the necessity in tropical agriculture under cultivation of understanding that the cultivation in soils with weak structure constitutes the most important agricultural practice, is proposed, because through it, the soil resource is either constituted or destroyed. En el trabajo se definen algunos aspeaos relacionados con las prácticas de labranza de suelos, los cuales, a pesar de ser permanentemente utilizados por profesionales e investigadores en labranza, carecen de definiciones precisas y se prestan a mucha confusión. Asimismo se plantea la importancia de la aplicación de aparatos de labranza al suelo y sobre su importancia en el control de los factores edafológicos de crecimiento de las plantas, los cuales se consideran esenciales para el buen crecimiento y desarrollo de las raíces y para la obtención de altos rendimientos. A partir de datos experimentales y de la evaluación de propiedades y procesos físicos de algunos suelos de la altillanura colombiana, se discute sobre los sistemas de labranza más acordes con la situación actual de los suelos y sobre los conceptos de creación de una capa arable, la cual es indispensable para el desarrollo y ejecución de sistemas conservacionistas y de no-labranza, como una primera etapa para conseguir suelos sostenibles y sobre ellos sí poder hacer una agricultura sostenible. Se discuten también algunos de los aspeaos relacionados con la selección de tratamientos de labranza cuando se planifican ensayos de preparación de suelos. De tal manera que el investigador esté primero consciente de qué problema o problemas pretende solucionar al escoger los tratamientos y de qué respuesta, en términos de mejoramiento de suelos y de cultivos, espera obtener. Por último, se plantea la necesidad que se tiene en la agricultura tropical bajo labranza de comprender que la labranza en suelos con estructura débil constituye la práctica agrícola más importante, porque mediante ella se construye o se destruye el recurso suelo.
In the article, some aspects related with the land cultivation practices are defined, which, even though they are permanently uses by professionals and researchers in cultivation, they lack precise definitions and lend themselves to much confusion Likewise, the importance of the application of plowing utensils on the ground is set forth in the control of the pedological factors of the roots and in order to obtain high output. From experimental data and the evaluation of properties and physical processes of some soils in the high Colombian prairies, discussions are held regarding the cultivation systems which are more in accordance with the present situation of the land and regarding the concepts for the creation of an arable cover, which is essential for the development and execution of conserving and non-cultivation systems, as a first stage in order to obtain sustainable soils and actually viable to have a sustainable agriculture on top of them. Some of the aspects related with the selection of cultivation treatments are also discussed when soil preparation tests are planned ; in such a way that the researcher is first conscious of what problem or problems he intends to solve upon choosing the treatments and what reply, in terms of enhancing the soils and the crops, he hopes to obtain. Finally, the necessity in tropical agriculture under cultivation of understanding that the cultivation in soils with weak structure constitutes the most important agricultural practice, is proposed, because through it, the soil resource is either constituted or destroyed.
Palabras clave:
labranza
características morfológicas del suelo
propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo
sabanas
tipos climáticos de suelos
tipos de suelos cultivables
Colombia
labranza
características morfológicas del suelo
propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo
sabanas
tipos climáticos de suelos
tipos de suelos cultivables
Colombia
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