Thinning related to the vegetal and productive behaviour of some materials planted in the Llanos Orientales of Colombia
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 47-52
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 47-52
0121-2923
Abstract
Under the climatic and agronomic conditions of the eastern plains, with low solar radiation, oil palm materials sowing (especially Asian), with sow density of 143 palm/ha, have shown an increasing tendency in production until year 6. Subsequently, production gradually goes down. In Palmar El Borrego (San Carlos de Guaroa, Meta) Papua material sowed in 1986 maintained a growing production until 1992, when it reached 26.7 ton/ha. Since this year the production gradually went down until 19.1 ton/ha in 1996. It was observed that the bunch fullness was deficient and the competition for light caused leaf elongation. The palm also maintained an accelerated estimate growth of 1.2 m per year, compared with 0.7 m per year for other materials of African origin. In 1996 a thinning was performed in 165 ha, using the hexagon method (7:1), where 15% of the palms were eliminated, remaining 121 palms/ha. Initially, the bunch improved its fullness and fruit formation, and increased the average bunch weight to 27.8 kg. In 1999 the production increased 25.5 ton/ha in lots of land where thinning was performed, in comparison with 24.6 ton/ha in the other lots where thinning was not performed. Besides, the maintaining costs were reduced, especially for fertilization and pruning. This practice not only favors the normal leaf opening and the reestablishment of the coverage on the lots of land, but also supplies organic material because of the decomposition of the eradicated palms. The space left by the thinning was used for the establishment of nectarean plants. Bajo las condiciones agroclimáticas de los Llanos Orientales con baja radiación solar, la siembra de materiales de palma de aceite especialmente de origen asiático, con densidad de siembra de 143 palma/ha, ha mostrado tendencia creciente en la producción hasta el sexto año de siembra y posteriormente, la producción baja gradualmente. En la plantación Palmar El Borrego (Municipio de San Carlos de Guaroa, Meta) el material Papúa, siembra 1986 mantuvo una producción creciente hasta el año 1992 donde alcanzó 26.7 ton/ha, a partir de ése año la producción disminuyó gradualmente hasta 19.1 ton/ha en 1996. Se observó que el llenado de los racimos era deficiente, la competencia por luz ocasionó elongación en las hojas, además, la palma mantuvo un crecimiento del estípite acelerado de 1.2 m/año comparado con 0.7 m/año de otros materiales de origen africano. En 1996 se realizó un raleo en 165 ha, utilizando el modelo del hexágono (7:1), donde se eliminó el 15% de las palmas, quedando 121 palmas/ha. Inicialmente, el racimo mejoró el llenado y formación de frutos, aumentó el peso promedio de racimos a 27.8 kg. En 1999 la producción incrementó de 25,5 ton/ha en los lotes raleados comparado con 24,6 ton/ha en los lotes no raleados; además, los costos de mantenimiento disminuyeron especialmente los de fertilización y poda. Esta práctica no sólo favorece la apertura normal del follaje, y el restablecimiento de la cobertura en los lotes, sino que hay aporte de materia orgánica por la descomposición de las palmas erradicadas. Los espacios de las palmas raleadas se utilizaron para el establecimiento de plantas nectaríferas.
Under the climatic and agronomic conditions of the eastern plains, with low solar radiation, oil palm materials sowing (especially Asian), with sow density of 143 palm/ha, have shown an increasing tendency in production until year 6. Subsequently, production gradually goes down. In Palmar El Borrego (San Carlos de Guaroa, Meta) Papua material sowed in 1986 maintained a growing production until 1992, when it reached 26.7 ton/ha. Since this year the production gradually went down until 19.1 ton/ha in 1996. It was observed that the bunch fullness was deficient and the competition for light caused leaf elongation. The palm also maintained an accelerated estimate growth of 1.2 m per year, compared with 0.7 m per year for other materials of African origin. In 1996 a thinning was performed in 165 ha, using the hexagon method (7:1), where 15% of the palms were eliminated, remaining 121 palms/ha. Initially, the bunch improved its fullness and fruit formation, and increased the average bunch weight to 27.8 kg. In 1999 the production increased 25.5 ton/ha in lots of land where thinning was performed, in comparison with 24.6 ton/ha in the other lots where thinning was not performed. Besides, the maintaining costs were reduced, especially for fertilization and pruning. This practice not only favors the normal leaf opening and the reestablishment of the coverage on the lots of land, but also supplies organic material because of the decomposition of the eradicated palms. The space left by the thinning was used for the establishment of nectarean plants.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
aclareo
radiación solar
densidad de siembra
inflorescencias
rendimiento
Colombia
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
aclareo
radiación solar
densidad de siembra
inflorescencias
rendimiento
Colombia