Disponibility of microelements in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Colombian Eastern plains, during two climatic periods
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 83-91
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 83-91
0121-2923
Abstract
With the objective of measuring the variation in the micronutrients concentration: Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn (extracted by the Olsen modified method: NaHC03-EDTA) and B (extracted by the monocalcic phosphate method: Ca (H2P04). 2H20) in soil and its relationship to that extracted by the plant, during two climatic periods (wet - dry), the present work was developed. Twelve plantation batches cultivated with adult palm (7-9 years) were sampled in the leave 17 of each plant. The soils were sampled at two depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm). Three work sites by batch / plantation (2 palms per site) were labeled. The two climatic periods belong to the seasonal changes of the regime of rains and prevailing drought in the zone. The micronutrients Fe, Cu and B were sufficient in soils at the first sampling depth (0-30 cm) according to the critical levels (20.0; 1.0 and 0.20 ppm, respectively) established by Lora (1990) for soils cultivated in oil palm in Colombia with greater concentration in the wet period. Cu and B concentration in plant were above the critical levels (3.0 and 8 ppm) according to Von Euxkull (1992), in the two climatic periods of sampling, with no significant relationship to its concentration in soils. Zn and Mn were deficient in most of the soils studied for the two climatic periods studied at the two sampling depths. However, the concentrations of these two micronutrients in the plant were sufficient, in the two climatic periods, with values above the critical levels (1.5 and 200 ppm., respectively) according to Von Euxkull (1992). Mn showed the greater correlation coefficients (r=0.74 and 0.68) among the content in soil and its concentration in the plant, during the two climatic periods studied. The results permit to deduce, that although for some of the elements under study exists a significant relationship between the soil content of the element and its concentration in the plant, the adaptation of methods such as the modified Olsen and the monocalcic phosphate (of good behavior for other crops) are not good enough to evaluate the micronutrients for the oil palm under the conditions of the Eastern plains of Colombia. The previous suggested that more studies are necessary to adapt more suitable Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de medir la variación en la concentración los micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Fe y Mn (extraídos por el método Olsen modificado NaHC03 -EDTA) y del B (extraído con fosfato monocálcico Ca (H2PO4) H2O) en el suelo y su relación con los contenidos foliares en la hoja 17 de la palma de aceite, en dos períodos climáticos (húmedo-seco). Para el efecto, en 12 lotes de plantaciones cultivadas con palma adulta (7-9 años), situadas a lo largo del piedemonte llanero colombiano, se tomaron muestras tanto a nivel de suelos como de plantas. En tres sitios de trabajo por lote/plantación (cada sitio 2 palmas), se marcaron y se tomaron muestras a nivel de los suelos a dos profundidades (0-30 y 30-60 cm) en los dos períodos climáticos referidos, correspondientes a los cambios estacionales del régimen unimodal de lluvias y sequía imperante en la zona. La disponibilidad Fe, Cu y B fue "suficiente" en los suelos a la profundidad de 0-30cm según los niveles críticos (20,0; 1.0 y 0,20 ppm., respectivamente) establecidos por Lora (1990) para los suelos palmeros colombianos, con mayor concentración en el período húmedo. A nivel de los tejidos, el Cu y el B se presentaron por encima de los niveles críticos (3,0 y 8 ppm) mencionados por Von Euxkull (1992), en los dos períodos climáticos de muestreo, pero sin presentar valores significativos de relación con su concentración en los suelos. El Zn y el Mn fueron deficientes en la generalidad de los suelos para los dos períodos climáticos y en las dos profundidades. Sin embargo, a nivel de los tejidos foliares, la concentración de estos dos micronutrientes fue adecuada en los dos períodos climáticos, con valores muy por encima de los niveles críticos (1,5 y 200 ppm respectivamente) según Von Euxkull (1992). El Mn presentó los mayores coeficientes de correlación (r=0,74** y 0,68**) entre el contenido en el suelo y su concentración en la planta, en los dos períodos climáticos estudiados. Los resultados permiten inferir que salvo el caso del Mn, los métodos de extracción no fueron funcionales para el caso de la evaluación de la disponibilidad de microelementos en los suelos estudiados.
With the objective of measuring the variation in the micronutrients concentration: Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn (extracted by the Olsen modified method: NaHC03-EDTA) and B (extracted by the monocalcic phosphate method: Ca (H2P04). 2H20) in soil and its relationship to that extracted by the plant, during two climatic periods (wet - dry), the present work was developed. Twelve plantation batches cultivated with adult palm (7-9 years) were sampled in the leave 17 of each plant. The soils were sampled at two depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm). Three work sites by batch / plantation (2 palms per site) were labeled. The two climatic periods belong to the seasonal changes of the regime of rains and prevailing drought in the zone. The micronutrients Fe, Cu and B were sufficient in soils at the first sampling depth (0-30 cm) according to the critical levels (20.0; 1.0 and 0.20 ppm, respectively) established by Lora (1990) for soils cultivated in oil palm in Colombia with greater concentration in the wet period. Cu and B concentration in plant were above the critical levels (3.0 and 8 ppm) according to Von Euxkull (1992), in the two climatic periods of sampling, with no significant relationship to its concentration in soils. Zn and Mn were deficient in most of the soils studied for the two climatic periods studied at the two sampling depths. However, the concentrations of these two micronutrients in the plant were sufficient, in the two climatic periods, with values above the critical levels (1.5 and 200 ppm., respectively) according to Von Euxkull (1992). Mn showed the greater correlation coefficients (r=0.74 and 0.68) among the content in soil and its concentration in the plant, during the two climatic periods studied. The results permit to deduce, that although for some of the elements under study exists a significant relationship between the soil content of the element and its concentration in the plant, the adaptation of methods such as the modified Olsen and the monocalcic phosphate (of good behavior for other crops) are not good enough to evaluate the micronutrients for the oil palm under the conditions of the Eastern plains of Colombia. The previous suggested that more studies are necessary to adapt more suitable
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
oligoelementos
fertilidad del suelo
propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo
clima
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
oligoelementos
fertilidad del suelo
propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo
clima