Morphological and physiological characterization of oil palms tolerant and susceptible to bud rot
Author
Torres V., Marcelo
Ayala S., Líceth
Gómez C., Pedro L.
Martínez B., Ricardo
Como citar
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 135-147
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 135-147
0121-2923
Abstract
Bud rot (BR) may possibly be the gravest affection that oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) crops have suffered in Latin American history. Cenipalma has identified three fungus pathogens that cause BR: Fusarium solani, Pythium sp and Thielaviopsis sp. As common patterns in the palms that get or do not get sick are identified, it will be possible to select resistant materials to make breeding programs expeditious. The object of the experiment was to determine if there were morphological and physiological differences that characterize oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) identified on the field and in the lab as tolerant or susceptible to BR. The experiment took place in the plantation Cuernavaca located in Meta, Colombia. For the experiment pieces of healthy palms were inoculated with Thielaviopsis paradoxa (identified as the main agent causing BR) labeling the palms as susceptible or tolerant to the disease. In both groups of palms physiological variables such as transpiration, photosynthesis, and estomatic conducting, root length at different depths and distances, and some vegetative measurements were registered. A higher quantity of stems was found, as well as a bigger number of death roots in tolerant palms. In the physiological aspect the palms behave in a particular way depending on the group to which they belong. La pudrición de cogollo (PC) es tal vez la afección más grave que ha sufrido el cultivo de la palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), en toda su historia en Latinoamérica. Cenipalma ha identificado a Thielaviopsis paradoxa como el principal agente causal. En la medida que se identifiquen patrones comunes en las palmas tolerantes o susceptibles a la enfermedad, se podrán seleccionar materiales y de esta manera agilizar los programas de mejoramiento. El experimento tuvo como objetivo determinar si existen diferencias morfofisiológicas que caractericen a plantas de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) identificadas en campo y laboratorio como tolerantes o susceptibles a la PC. El trabajo se realizó en la plantación Cuernavaca ubicada en el departamento del Meta (Colombia). Para la selección de las palmas se realizó un censo de PC y las palmas sanas fueron inoculadas con Thielaviopsis paradoxa para determinar su grado de tolerancia a la enfermedad. Se clasificaron las palmas como tolerantes o susceptibles para realizar la caracterización. En los dos grupos de palmas se registraron variables fisiológicas como transpiración, fotosíntesis, conductancia estomática y CO2. Además se registraron variables en el sistema radical como la longitud de la raíz sana y muerta a diferentes distancias y profundidades, se evaluaron variables vegetativas como número de hojas, ángulos de inserción, grosor de los foliolos y cantidad de estomas. Los resultados mostraron una mayor cantidad de estomas, así como una mayor cantidad de raíces muertas en palmas tolerantes. En el aspecto fisiológico las palmas se comportan de manera particular dependiendo del grupo al que pertenezcan.
Bud rot (BR) may possibly be the gravest affection that oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) crops have suffered in Latin American history. Cenipalma has identified three fungus pathogens that cause BR: Fusarium solani, Pythium sp and Thielaviopsis sp. As common patterns in the palms that get or do not get sick are identified, it will be possible to select resistant materials to make breeding programs expeditious. The object of the experiment was to determine if there were morphological and physiological differences that characterize oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) identified on the field and in the lab as tolerant or susceptible to BR. The experiment took place in the plantation Cuernavaca located in Meta, Colombia. For the experiment pieces of healthy palms were inoculated with Thielaviopsis paradoxa (identified as the main agent causing BR) labeling the palms as susceptible or tolerant to the disease. In both groups of palms physiological variables such as transpiration, photosynthesis, and estomatic conducting, root length at different depths and distances, and some vegetative measurements were registered. A higher quantity of stems was found, as well as a bigger number of death roots in tolerant palms. In the physiological aspect the palms behave in a particular way depending on the group to which they belong.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
pudrición del cogollo
thielaviopsis
fisiología
anatomía de la planta
sistema radicular
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
pudrición del cogollo
thielaviopsis
fisiología
anatomía de la planta
sistema radicular