Evaluation of defoliators insects and of their natural enemies in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations of eastern Venezuela
Author
Díaz, Asdrúbal
Villalba, Vladimir
Rodríguez, Gladys
González, Carlos
Como citar
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 195-200
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 195-200
0121-2923
Abstract
During four years the presence of defoliators insects was observed in 1,150 hectares of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) located in the eastern region of Venezuela. Monthly and every three months evaluations over one leaf per plant per hectare took place. This allowed to determine the population of defoliators insects and its natural enemies in the different levels of the foliage. Of the eight (8) genders of lepidopterous observed, the most important species were: Brassolis sophorae, Opsiphanes cassina (Lepidoptera: Brassolidae), Sibine fusca and Sibine sp. (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), and Automeris vividor (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Its populations were related to the annual rainfall data. The beneficial insects inventoried were: parasites oófagos Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae); The larva parasites Casinaria sp and Barycerus dubiosus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Euphorocera sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae), and Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a virus disease of the nuclear poliedrosis type was also found; parasites of Conura sp. and Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) pupas. Durante cuatro años se evaluó la presencia de insectos defoliadores en 1.150 hectáreas de palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ubicadas en la región oriental de Venezuela (El Zamuro, municipio Maturín, Estado Monagas). Se realizaron evaluaciones mensuales y trimestrales sobre una hoja/planta/ha, lo cual permitió determinar la densidad poblacional de los insectos defoliadores y de sus enemigos naturales, en los diferentes niveles del follaje. De los ocho (8) géneros de lepidópteros observados, las especies de mayor importancia fueron: Brassolis sophorae L, Opsiphanes sp (Lepidóptera: Brassolidae); Sibine fusca Stoll y Sibine sp. (Lepidóptera: Limacodidae); y Automeris vividor (Lepidóptera: Saturniidae). Sus poblaciones se relacionaron con los datos de la precipitación anual. Los insectos benéficos inventariados fueron: Parasitoides oófagos Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) y Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae); los parasitoides de larvas Casinaria sp. y Barycerus dubiosus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae); Cotesia flavipes (cam) y Cotesia sp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Euphorocera sp. (Díptera: Tachinidae) y el depredador Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Dallas) (Hemíptera: Pentatomidae); también se encontró una enfermedad virosa del tipo poliedrosis nuclear; parasitoides de pupas Conura sp. y Brachymeria sp (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae).
During four years the presence of defoliators insects was observed in 1,150 hectares of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) located in the eastern region of Venezuela. Monthly and every three months evaluations over one leaf per plant per hectare took place. This allowed to determine the population of defoliators insects and its natural enemies in the different levels of the foliage. Of the eight (8) genders of lepidopterous observed, the most important species were: Brassolis sophorae, Opsiphanes cassina (Lepidoptera: Brassolidae), Sibine fusca and Sibine sp. (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), and Automeris vividor (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Its populations were related to the annual rainfall data. The beneficial insects inventoried were: parasites oófagos Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae); The larva parasites Casinaria sp and Barycerus dubiosus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Euphorocera sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae), and Alcaeorrhynchus grandis (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a virus disease of the nuclear poliedrosis type was also found; parasites of Conura sp. and Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) pupas.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
parasitoides
insectos depredadores de las hojas
lepidóptera
enemigos naturales
agentes de control biológico
Venezuela
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
parasitoides
insectos depredadores de las hojas
lepidóptera
enemigos naturales
agentes de control biológico
Venezuela