Treatment and nutritional quality of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fibrous by products
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 264-274
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 264-274
0121-2923
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ammonification on the nutritional quality of the fibrous residues, obtained in the palm oil extraction process. Residues such as fiber (f) and solids retained in primary (stp) and secondary screens (sts), with urea and ammonium sulfate in ammonium concentrations of 2.8 and 5.6%. In the animal lab of UDCA, with materials from the plantation Palmas de Casanare, located in the Department of Casanare, Colombia, micro-soils were elaborated in five treatments (witness, urea 5%, urea 10%, ammonium sulfate 11%, ammonium sulfate 22%) and four storage times (0-30-60-90 days). The chemical physical tests showed a variation in the nutritive quality, being higher the effect of the ammonium sulfate 22% in all the sub-products. The results showed a positive effect in the level of ammoniac nitrogen and total nitrogen level, being the last one in comparison with the witness 3.4 times more for the fiber (13.0 Vs. 44.6 g/Kg), 8.6 times more for the stp (8.3 Vs. 71.6 g/Kg) and 5.9 times more for the sts (13.0 Vs. 76.6 g/Kg). The levels of cell wall, as well as the fractions that compose it, diminished with the treatment. The rate of solubility and degradability of the dry matter in sacco grew, showing at 48 hours an increase for the fiber of 135.8 g/Kg, for the stp of 123.7 g/ Kg, and for the sts of 208.1 g/Kg. The ammonification time did not present a significant effect. The positive changes obtained by the ammonification on the nutritional characteristics of all the materials suggest that they can be used in the feeding of ruminants. The results constitute basic information to in-vivo studies on these treated sub-products. La industria de la palma de aceite representa uno de los renglones más importantes de la economía nacional y en el proceso industrial de la obtención del aceite de palma se originan materiales de tipo fibroso que ofrecen la posibilidad ser reutilizados. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la amonificación con urea y sulfato de amonio en concentraciones de amonio del 2,8 y 5,6% sobre la calidad nutricional de los residuos fibrosos obtenidos en el proceso de extracción del aceite de palma, tales como fibra (f) y sólidos retenidos en tamiz primario (stp) y secundario (sts). En el Laboratorio de Nutrición Animal de la UDCA, con materiales provenientes de la plantación Palmas de Casanare, se elaboraron microsilos distribuidos en cinco tratamientos (testigo, urea 5%, urea 10%, sulfato de amonio 11%, y sulfato de amonio 22%) y cuatro tiempos de almacenamiento (0 - 30 - 60 - 90 días). Los resultados de las pruebas fisicoquímicas presentaron variación en la calidad nutritiva, siendo mayor el efecto del sulfato de amonio al 22% en todos los subproductos. Se obtuvo un efecto positivo en el nivel de nitrógeno amoniacal y nivel de nitrógeno total, siendo este último en comparación con el testigo, 3,4 veces más para la fibra (13,0 vs 44,6 g/kg), 8,6 veces más para el stp (8,3 vs 71,6 g/kg) y 5,9 veces más para el sts (13,0 vs 76,6 g/kg). Los niveles de pared celular, al igual que las fracciones que la componen, disminuyeron con el tratamiento. Se aumentó la tasa de solubilidad y degradabilidad de la materia seca in sacco, mostrando a las 48 horas un aumento para la fibra de 135,8 g/kg, para los stp de 123,7 g/kg y para el sts de 208,1 g/kg. El tiempo de amonificación no mostró efecto significativo. Los cambios positivos obtenidos por la amonificación sobre las características nutritivas de todos los materiales sugieren que pueden ser empleados en la alimentación de rumiantes, constituyéndose los resultados en información básica para adelantar estudios en vivo de estos subproductos tratados.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ammonification on the nutritional quality of the fibrous residues, obtained in the palm oil extraction process. Residues such as fiber (f) and solids retained in primary (stp) and secondary screens (sts), with urea and ammonium sulfate in ammonium concentrations of 2.8 and 5.6%. In the animal lab of UDCA, with materials from the plantation Palmas de Casanare, located in the Department of Casanare, Colombia, micro-soils were elaborated in five treatments (witness, urea 5%, urea 10%, ammonium sulfate 11%, ammonium sulfate 22%) and four storage times (0-30-60-90 days). The chemical physical tests showed a variation in the nutritive quality, being higher the effect of the ammonium sulfate 22% in all the sub-products. The results showed a positive effect in the level of ammoniac nitrogen and total nitrogen level, being the last one in comparison with the witness 3.4 times more for the fiber (13.0 Vs. 44.6 g/Kg), 8.6 times more for the stp (8.3 Vs. 71.6 g/Kg) and 5.9 times more for the sts (13.0 Vs. 76.6 g/Kg). The levels of cell wall, as well as the fractions that compose it, diminished with the treatment. The rate of solubility and degradability of the dry matter in sacco grew, showing at 48 hours an increase for the fiber of 135.8 g/Kg, for the stp of 123.7 g/ Kg, and for the sts of 208.1 g/Kg. The ammonification time did not present a significant effect. The positive changes obtained by the ammonification on the nutritional characteristics of all the materials suggest that they can be used in the feeding of ruminants. The results constitute basic information to in-vivo studies on these treated sub-products.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
aceite de palma
fibras
subproductos aceiteros
valor nutritivo
amoníaco
técnicas analíticas
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
aceite de palma
fibras
subproductos aceiteros
valor nutritivo
amoníaco
técnicas analíticas