Trans-esterification of the palm oil using catalysers supported on Sn, Cu and Ni bases
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 293-294
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 21 Núm. especial, (2000); 293-294
0121-2923
Abstract
Fat acids of vegetal origin have been for a long time one of the raw materials of Chemistry. Nowadays, the tendency is oriented towards the procurement of derivatives ester type, mainly methylic and ethylic. These are generally obtained by trans-esterification of vegetal oils. This work wants to show the results obtained in the trans-esterification of the palm oil by catalytic means. For such purpose, tin, nickel, and copper based catalytic have been used, for these metals are known for their properties for transformation into esters. In a first stage, the catalytic were prepared by the impregnation method, method widely described in the literature [3]. It is important to have in mind that the heterogeneous solids are generally active for these types of reactions at temperatures above 150°C. On the other hand, it is important to remember that the supporter has a great influence on the catalytic properties of the catalytic. The supporter depending on its acid or basic properties will provide specific properties to the metal, and will make it active or not in the trans-esterification reaction. The studied reactions are the palm oil methanolysis and ethanolysis to obtain the methylic and ethylic esters respectively. According to the solids used it is foreseen that the reaction will be completed within 2 or 4 hours. In the study done for this reaction, parameters as the effect of the temperature of the reaction (necessary to determine the temperature range where the solid is active) and the molar relation between the reactive substances, were controlled. These factors are fundamental to be able to evaluate the behavior of a solid. Specifically, the trans-esterification has been worked with a catalytic supported Sn/Alumina. After 4 hours of reaction in this reaction 100% of oil transformation with a yield of ester of 90%. The elevated yield in ester shows that the tin based catalytic are effective in the palm oil trans-esterification. Concerning the ethanolysis, many essays on alumina support have been done. The obtained results seem to shoe that the catalytic is not effective in this reaction and work is been done to determine the nature of the synthesis of methylic esters. The basic catalytic may conduct a better trans-esterification of the palm oil with ethanol, and it is towards this direction that the research is being headed nowadays. Los ácidos grasos de origen vegetal son desde hace mucho tiempo una de las materias primas de base en la química. En estos momentos, la tendencia se orienta hacia la obtención de derivados tipo esteres, principalmente metílicos y etílicos; generalmente obtenidos por transesterificación de los aceites vegetales. Este proceso conduce igualmente a la producción de glicerina, polioles, mono y diglicéridos. El presente trabajo quiere mostrar los resultados obtenidos en la transesterificación del aceite de palma por medio catalítico. Para tal efecto se han utilizado catalizadores a base de estaño, níquel y cobre, metales conocidos por sus propiedades transesterificantes. En una primera etapa, se prepararon los catalizadores por el método de impregnación, método ampliamente descrito en la literatura. Hay que tener en cuenta que los sólidos heterogéneos son generalmente activos para este tipo de reacciones a temperaturas superiores a los 150°C. Por otro lado, no se puede olvidar que el soporte tiene una gran influencia sobre las propiedades catalíticas del catalizador, el soporte, dependiendo de sus propiedades ácidas o básicas le dará unas propiedades específicas al metal y lo harán o no activo en la reacción de transesterificación. Las reacciones estudiadas son la metanólisis y la etanólisis del aceite de palma para obtener los ésteres metílicos y etílicos respectivamente. Según los sólidos utilizados se prevé que la reacción se complete al cabo de dos o cuatro horas. Dentro del estudio efectuado para esta reacción, se controlaron parámetros como el efecto de la temperatura de reacción (necesaria para determinar el rango de temperatura donde el sólido es activo) y la relación molar entre los reactivos. Estos factores son fundamentales para poder evaluar el comportamiento de un sólido. Específicamente se ha trabajado la transesterificación con un catalizador soportado Sn/Alúmina. En ésta reacción se obtiene luego de 4 horas de reacción, un 100% de transformación del aceite con un rendimiento en éster del 90%. El rendimiento elevado en éster demuestra que los catalizadores a base de estaño son efectivos en la transesterificación del aceite de palma. En lo que concierne a la etanólisis, se han realizado varios ensayos sobre el soporte alúmina. Los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento parecen mostrar que el catalizador no es efectivo en esta reacción y se está trabajando para determinar la naturaleza de la síntesis de ésteres metílicos. Los catalizadores básicos pueden conducir a una mejor transesterificación del aceite de palma con etanol y es en ese sentido se está dirigiendo la investigación actualmente.
Fat acids of vegetal origin have been for a long time one of the raw materials of Chemistry. Nowadays, the tendency is oriented towards the procurement of derivatives ester type, mainly methylic and ethylic. These are generally obtained by trans-esterification of vegetal oils. This work wants to show the results obtained in the trans-esterification of the palm oil by catalytic means. For such purpose, tin, nickel, and copper based catalytic have been used, for these metals are known for their properties for transformation into esters. In a first stage, the catalytic were prepared by the impregnation method, method widely described in the literature [3]. It is important to have in mind that the heterogeneous solids are generally active for these types of reactions at temperatures above 150°C. On the other hand, it is important to remember that the supporter has a great influence on the catalytic properties of the catalytic. The supporter depending on its acid or basic properties will provide specific properties to the metal, and will make it active or not in the trans-esterification reaction. The studied reactions are the palm oil methanolysis and ethanolysis to obtain the methylic and ethylic esters respectively. According to the solids used it is foreseen that the reaction will be completed within 2 or 4 hours. In the study done for this reaction, parameters as the effect of the temperature of the reaction (necessary to determine the temperature range where the solid is active) and the molar relation between the reactive substances, were controlled. These factors are fundamental to be able to evaluate the behavior of a solid. Specifically, the trans-esterification has been worked with a catalytic supported Sn/Alumina. After 4 hours of reaction in this reaction 100% of oil transformation with a yield of ester of 90%. The elevated yield in ester shows that the tin based catalytic are effective in the palm oil trans-esterification. Concerning the ethanolysis, many essays on alumina support have been done. The obtained results seem to shoe that the catalytic is not effective in this reaction and work is been done to determine the nature of the synthesis of methylic esters. The basic catalytic may conduct a better trans-esterification of the palm oil with ethanol, and it is towards this direction that the research is being headed nowadays.
Palabras clave:
aceite de palma
transesterificación
catalizador
aceite de palma
transesterificación
catalizador