Breeding for oil Yield and Short Palms in Cameroon
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2007); 77-83
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2007); 77-83
0121-2923
Abstract
Palm oil deficit is predicted in Cameroon as a result of an increase in the population and increase in the demand of palm oil for food and not food (soaps) uses. Hence, Oil palm breeding aims at providing planters with high oil yielding, long economic life, and disease tolerant planting materials. From 1985 to 1995, 16 Deli Dura x La Mé tenera/pisifera progenies of the second cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection were field tested in a 5x5 balance lattice with 6 replications for oil yield and height increment at La Dibamba (Cameroon). Total bunch yield and its components were recorded from 4 to 9 years after planting. Bunch analyses were carried out for the estimation of palm oil yield. Height measurements allowed calculating the vertical growth rate. The trial mean oil yield in the inmature period (2.48 t/ha) and mature period (3.72 t/ha) were considered as good performances though underestimated with regards to poor fertilizer management. The analysis of variance has revealed difference among progenies for oil yield and vertical growth rate. DMRT did not clearly separate the group of means for oil and for the vertical growth rate indicating that the progenies were close to each other. The progeny PO3577 was selected on the basis of precocity, oil yield (4.56 t/ha), and low vertical growth rate (46 cm/yr). This progeny should be reproduced in the commercial seed production program Se espera un déficit de aceite de palma en Camerún como resultado del crecimiento de la población y el aumento en la demanda de aceite de palma para usos alimenticios y no alimenticios (jabones). Por tanto' el programa de mejoramiento de palma de aceite está dirigido a proporcionar a los cultivadores materiales de siembra de alto rendimiento, larga vida útil y resistente a las enfermedades. Desde 1985 hasta 1995' 16 progenies Deli Dura x La Mé Ténera / Pisífera de segundo ciclo de selección recíproca recurrente se probaron en campo para altura e incremento del rendimiento de aceite en un diseño de cuadrícula contrabalanceada de 5 x 5 con seis replicaciones en La Dibamba (Camerún). Se registró el rendimiento total de racimos, y sus componentes, entre los 4 y 9 años después de siembra. Se hicieron análisis de racimos para calcular el rendimiento de aceite. Las mediciones de altura permitieron calcular la tasa de crecimiento vertical. El rendimiento de aceite promedio del ensayo durante el período de inmadurez (2,48 t/ha) y el período de madurez (3,72 t/ha) fue considerado bueno, aunque subestimado teniendo en cuenta el mal manejo de la fertilización. El análisis de varianza reveló diferencias entre progenies para rendimiento de aceite y tasa de crecimiento vertical. DMRT no separó claramente el grupo de promedios para aceite y tasa de crecimiento vertical, indicando que las progenies presentaron un comportamiento similar. La progenie PO3577 se seleccionó con base en precocidad' rendimiento de aceite (4,56 t/ha) y baja tasa de crecimiento vertical (46 cm/año). Esta progenie se debe reproducir en el programa de producción comercial de semillas.
Palm oil deficit is predicted in Cameroon as a result of an increase in the population and increase in the demand of palm oil for food and not food (soaps) uses. Hence, Oil palm breeding aims at providing planters with high oil yielding, long economic life, and disease tolerant planting materials. From 1985 to 1995, 16 Deli Dura x La Mé tenera/pisifera progenies of the second cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection were field tested in a 5x5 balance lattice with 6 replications for oil yield and height increment at La Dibamba (Cameroon). Total bunch yield and its components were recorded from 4 to 9 years after planting. Bunch analyses were carried out for the estimation of palm oil yield. Height measurements allowed calculating the vertical growth rate. The trial mean oil yield in the inmature period (2.48 t/ha) and mature period (3.72 t/ha) were considered as good performances though underestimated with regards to poor fertilizer management. The analysis of variance has revealed difference among progenies for oil yield and vertical growth rate. DMRT did not clearly separate the group of means for oil and for the vertical growth rate indicating that the progenies were close to each other. The progeny PO3577 was selected on the basis of precocity, oil yield (4.56 t/ha), and low vertical growth rate (46 cm/yr). This progeny should be reproduced in the commercial seed production program
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
progenie
selección recurrente
rendimiento
crecimiento
producción de semillas
altura
Camerún
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
progenie
selección recurrente
rendimiento
crecimiento
producción de semillas
altura
Camerún