Oil Palm Ecophysiology
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 28 Núm. especial, (2007); 176-184
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 28 Núm. especial, (2007); 176-184
0121-2923
Abstract
Plant Ecophysiology is the study of plant responses to the environment and the analysis of physiological mechanisms dependent of the environment, at every level of organization. Plant ecophysiology studies physiological processes controlling growth, reproduction, survival, abundance and geographic distribution of plants; and the way such processes are affected by the interaction of the plants with their physical, chemical and biotic environment. Photosynthesis, transpiration, water relations and respiration are some of the processes studied by ecophysiology. In the same way, the response of plants to extreme soil and environment conditions, such as high temperature, water deficit, high solar radiation, metal excess in the soil (such as magnesium, aluminum, etc.) and nutrient deficiencies. The response of plants to biotic stress induced by pests and diseases is also studied. This review summarizes the effect of the environment on some physiological processes in oil palm and their relationship with productivity. Most are unpublished results based on ongoing research performed by Cenipalma in Colombia, especially last year observations of 30 month old palms of Malaysian materials imported by Fedepalma (Golden Hope, Guthrie and AAR), planted under experimental conditions by Cenipalma in regional trials in the Colombian oil palm regions: North, West, East and Central (Experimental Center ?Palmar de La Vizcaína?). La ecofisiología vegetal es el estudio de las respuestas de las plantas a las condiciones ambientales y el análisis de los mecanismos fisiológicos dependientes del medio ambiente, a cada nivel de organización. La ecofisiología vegetal estudia los procesos fisiológicos que controlan el crecimiento, la reproducción, la supervivencia, la abundancia y la distribución geográfica de las plantas, y cómo estos procesos son afectados por la interacción de las plantas con su ambiente físico, químico y biótico. Los estudios ecofisiológicos abordan el efecto del ambiente en diferentes procesos de las plantas como la fotosíntesis, relaciones hídricas y respiración, entre otros. De la misma manera, la respuesta de las plantas a condiciones edafoclimáticas extremas, como temperaturas altas, déficit hídrico, radiación alta, exceso de metales en el suelo (manganeso, aluminio, etc.) y deficiencias de nutrientes. También analizan las respuestas de las plantas a estrés biótico inducido por plagas y enfermedades. Esta revisión resume el efecto del medio ambiente en algunos de los procesos fisiológicos en palma de aceite y su relación con la productividad. La mayoría de los resultados son inéditos, de investigaciones realizadas en el último año por Cenipalma, especialmente en Colombia, en palmas de 30 meses de materiales importados de Malasia por Fedepalma (Golden Hope, Guthrie y AAR), y sembrados de manera experimental por Cenipalma en pruebas regionales en las cuatro zonas palmeras Colombianas: Norte, Occidental, Oriental y Central (Campo Experimental Palmar de la Vizcaína).
Plant Ecophysiology is the study of plant responses to the environment and the analysis of physiological mechanisms dependent of the environment, at every level of organization. Plant ecophysiology studies physiological processes controlling growth, reproduction, survival, abundance and geographic distribution of plants; and the way such processes are affected by the interaction of the plants with their physical, chemical and biotic environment. Photosynthesis, transpiration, water relations and respiration are some of the processes studied by ecophysiology. In the same way, the response of plants to extreme soil and environment conditions, such as high temperature, water deficit, high solar radiation, metal excess in the soil (such as magnesium, aluminum, etc.) and nutrient deficiencies. The response of plants to biotic stress induced by pests and diseases is also studied. This review summarizes the effect of the environment on some physiological processes in oil palm and their relationship with productivity. Most are unpublished results based on ongoing research performed by Cenipalma in Colombia, especially last year observations of 30 month old palms of Malaysian materials imported by Fedepalma (Golden Hope, Guthrie and AAR), planted under experimental conditions by Cenipalma in regional trials in the Colombian oil palm regions: North, West, East and Central (Experimental Center ?Palmar de La Vizcaína?).
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
fotosíntesis
transpiración
estrés hídrico
factores ambientales
fisiología vegetal
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
fotosíntesis
transpiración
estrés hídrico
factores ambientales
fisiología vegetal