Oil palm genetic materials and planting methods and the behaviour of the FSC syndrome : incidence and severity of the complex
Author
Albertazzi L., Héctor
Torres, Randall
Acosta G., Álvaro
Chinchilla, Carlos
Como citar
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 28 Núm. especial, (2007); 285-291
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 28 Núm. especial, (2007); 285-291
0121-2923
Abstract
Six commercial crossings were planted in June 2003 in the central Pacific region of Costa Rica. These crossings were provided by ASD - Costa Rica: Deli X Avros, Deli x La Mé, Bamenda x Ekona, Deli x Nigeria, Angola x Ekona and Tanzania x Ekona. The plot presented a high incidence of a condition known as spear rot in this area, which corresponds to bud rot in South America, but of non-lethal character. The six crossings were planted with an arrangement known as honey comb, so that they will all be exposed to the conditions that favor the appearance and development of this condition. In addition to the effect of the genotype, we wanted to know if the planting method could also affect the disease, therefore the plot was divided into 3 sections with different soil preparation: 1) one machine pass once with a similar effect of the macanas, which breaks the first centimeters of soil, 2) one pass with a chisel and 3) planting in threshing floors called rectangular plots. The above mentioned treatments tend to favor soil aeration. Besides soil preparation, the rest of the area?s agricultural management has been the traditional one. After a 3 year follow-up, significant differences were found in the materials assessed in terms of tolerance to spear rot and severity with which they are affected, as well as the recovery speed and the load after the recovery. Likewise, differences were observed in tolerance to spear rot, disease severity, recovery speed and bunch load within the materials in terms of the plowing method used. Deli x AVROS was the material that showed the highest susceptibility to the disease, with 70% of the palms affected 10 months after the planting, while Bamenda x Ekona, Deli x La Mé and Deli x Nigeria presented the highest tolerance. En junio del 2003, se sembraron en la región del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, seis cruces comerciales de palma aceitera suministrados por ASD de Costa Rica: Deli x Avros, Deli x La Mé, Bamenda x Ekona, Deli x Nigeria, Angola x Ekona, y Tanzania x Ekona. El lote había presentado una alta incidencia de la condición conocida como ?flecha seca? en la zona, y que corresponde a la pudrición del cogollo en Suramérica, pero de carácter no letal. Los seis cruces se plantaron en un arreglo de siembra conocido como ?honey comb?, de manera que todos tuvieran igual oportunidad de ser expuestos a las condiciones que favorecen la aparición y desarrollo de la condición. Además del efecto del genotipo, se quiso conocer si el método de siembra podía también afectar la enfermedad, para lo cual el lote se dividió en tres secciones en donde el suelo se preparó de diferentes formas: 1) paso de una máquina que ejerce un efecto similar a las macanas, y que resquebraja los primeros centímetros de suelo, 2) paso de un cincel, y 3) siembra en eras grandes llamadas bancales. Todos estos tratamientos tratan de favorecer la aireación del suelo. Aparte de la preparación del suelo, el resto del manejo agronómico del área fue el convencional. A los tres años de seguimiento se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los materiales evaluados en cuanto a su tolerancia a la flecha seca, así como en la severidad con la que son afectadas y la velocidad de recuperación de las mismas, y la carga de racimos después de recuperadas. Igualmente se observaron diferencias en tolerancia a flecha seca, severidad de la afección, velocidad de recuperación, y carga de racimos dentro de los materiales en cuanto al sistema de labranza utilizado. El material que presentó mayor susceptibilidad a la afección fue el Deli x Avros, el cual llegó al 70 por ciento de palmas afectadas a los 18 meses de sembrado, mientras que los materiales Bamenda x Ekona, Deli x La Mé, y Deli x Nigeria resultaron ser los que presentan mayor tolerancia.
Six commercial crossings were planted in June 2003 in the central Pacific region of Costa Rica. These crossings were provided by ASD - Costa Rica: Deli X Avros, Deli x La Mé, Bamenda x Ekona, Deli x Nigeria, Angola x Ekona and Tanzania x Ekona. The plot presented a high incidence of a condition known as spear rot in this area, which corresponds to bud rot in South America, but of non-lethal character. The six crossings were planted with an arrangement known as honey comb, so that they will all be exposed to the conditions that favor the appearance and development of this condition. In addition to the effect of the genotype, we wanted to know if the planting method could also affect the disease, therefore the plot was divided into 3 sections with different soil preparation: 1) one machine pass once with a similar effect of the macanas, which breaks the first centimeters of soil, 2) one pass with a chisel and 3) planting in threshing floors called rectangular plots. The above mentioned treatments tend to favor soil aeration. Besides soil preparation, the rest of the area?s agricultural management has been the traditional one. After a 3 year follow-up, significant differences were found in the materials assessed in terms of tolerance to spear rot and severity with which they are affected, as well as the recovery speed and the load after the recovery. Likewise, differences were observed in tolerance to spear rot, disease severity, recovery speed and bunch load within the materials in terms of the plowing method used. Deli x AVROS was the material that showed the highest susceptibility to the disease, with 70% of the palms affected 10 months after the planting, while Bamenda x Ekona, Deli x La Mé and Deli x Nigeria presented the highest tolerance.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
pudrición del cogollo
recursos genéticos
investigación
germoplasma
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
pudrición del cogollo
recursos genéticos
investigación
germoplasma