Economic evaluation of fertilizer incorporation on oil palm using direct seeding fertilizers
Author
Alfonso C., Oscar A.
Castiblanco R., Jhon S.
Romero, Hernán M.
Estadisticas
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 32 Núm. 1 (2011); 81-89
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 32 Núm. 1 (2011); 81-89
0121-2923
Abstract
Fertilization is one of the most important activities in the oil palm crop. It is characterized by high labor requirements during fertilizer application, and for high fertilizer demand to satisfy plant nutrition needs. At the same time, low fertilization efficiency is registered, in terms of the percentage of the element that is taken by the plant in relation to total fertilizer applied. As an alternative to increase these efficiencies mechanic fertilizer incorporation to the soil was evaluated using direct seeding fertilizers used in other crops. This paper presents the time and motion study and an economic evaluation of the fertilizer during the fertilizer incorporation to the soil. The research was done in the Central and Eastern Colombian oil palm regions at ?Oleaginosas Las Brisas? and ?Palmas de Casanare? plantations. Efficiencies within a range of 73% and 77% were achieved for the different motions such as: loading to the application equipment, movement through the lane, fertilizer application and movement to the collection point. Mechanic fertilizer incorporation to the soil increases labor efficiency compare to traditional manual application on 63% to 79% with average yields over 380 palms per hour for the four-hopper fertilizer and 433 palms per hour for the six-hopper fertilizer. Economic analysis showed an application cost of $158 COP per palm (six-hopper) and $172 COP per palm (four hopper), each one of them with a lifetime of 10 years and $606 and $634 million of Net Present Value. La fertilización es una de las labores culturales más importantes en el cultivo de la palma de aceite, se caracteriza por los altos requerimientos de mano de obra en las aplicaciones de los abonos y por la alta demanda de fertilizantes para satisfacer sus necesidades nutricionales, a su vez se registran bajas eficiencias de fertilización, dadas como el porcentaje del elemento que toma la planta respecto del total aplicado para los diferentes insumos. Como una alternativa para incrementar estas eficiencias se está evaluando la incorporación al suelo de los fertilizantes por medios mecánicos, con el uso de las abonadoras para siembra directa utilizadas en otros cultivos. En este artículo se presenta el estudio de tiempos y movimientos y una evaluación económica de la abonadora durante la incorporación de los abonos al suelo. Se realizó en las zonas Central y Oriental de Colombia, en las plantaciones Oleaginosas Las Brisas y Palmas del Casan are. Se obtuvieron eficiencias de aplicación en el rango de 73 y 77% distribuidas en los diferentes movimientos como son: cargue al equipo de aplicación, desplazamiento a calle, aplicación de fertilizante y desplazamiento al punto de acopio. Se observó que la incorporación del abono al suelo con máquinas incrementa el rendimiento de labor comparado con la forma tradicional de aplicación manual entre 63 - 79% con rendimientos de 380 palmas/h para la abonadora con cuatro tolvas y de 433 palmas/h para la abonadora de seis tolvas. El análisis económico mostró un costo de aplicación de $158/palma (seis tolvas) y $172/palma (cuatro tolvas), cada una de ellas con un VPN para una vida útil de diez años de $606 y $634 millones de pesos.
Fertilization is one of the most important activities in the oil palm crop. It is characterized by high labor requirements during fertilizer application, and for high fertilizer demand to satisfy plant nutrition needs. At the same time, low fertilization efficiency is registered, in terms of the percentage of the element that is taken by the plant in relation to total fertilizer applied. As an alternative to increase these efficiencies mechanic fertilizer incorporation to the soil was evaluated using direct seeding fertilizers used in other crops. This paper presents the time and motion study and an economic evaluation of the fertilizer during the fertilizer incorporation to the soil. The research was done in the Central and Eastern Colombian oil palm regions at ?Oleaginosas Las Brisas? and ?Palmas de Casanare? plantations. Efficiencies within a range of 73% and 77% were achieved for the different motions such as: loading to the application equipment, movement through the lane, fertilizer application and movement to the collection point. Mechanic fertilizer incorporation to the soil increases labor efficiency compare to traditional manual application on 63% to 79% with average yields over 380 palms per hour for the four-hopper fertilizer and 433 palms per hour for the six-hopper fertilizer. Economic analysis showed an application cost of $158 COP per palm (six-hopper) and $172 COP per palm (four hopper), each one of them with a lifetime of 10 years and $606 and $634 million of Net Present Value.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
abonadoras
equipo de fertilización
rendimiento de cultivos
siembra
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
abonadoras
equipo de fertilización
rendimiento de cultivos
siembra