Practical Use of Oil Palm Nutrient Physiological Efficiency with Regard to Nutrient Recovery and Agronomic Efficiencies at Different Sumatran Sites
Author
Prabowo, Noto E.
Foster, Hugh L.
Nelson, Stephen
Sitepu, Baihaqi
Nelson, Paul
Como citar
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 34 (2013): No Especial, tomo I; 221-242
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 34 (2013): No Especial, tomo I; 221-242
0121-2923
Abstract
Oil palm nutrient use efficiency has been investigated in both north and south Sumatra field trials since 1994. The results from seven field trials over 1994-2009 was used to study the uptake and efficiencies of applied nutrients. The different trial sites allowed effects of different soil properties and climate (rainfall) on dry matter production and yield to be investigated. Additional information was also assessed from a nursery trial which produced similar results to the field trial results. The results showed that the nutrient recovery efficiency (RE) defined as palm nutrient uptake per unit of given nutrient is subject to variation in site properties. However, the field and nursery trial results demonstrated that the physiological efficiency (PE), or yield increment per unit of nutrient uptake of oil palm, at a particular age, remains relatively constant over a range of different environments. The increased yield per unit of given fertilizer known as agronomic efficiency (AE) is therefore solely dependent upon the RE. Assuming the current daily field practices have been established to meet optimal RE and yield then agronomists are able to assess PE of different oil palm planting materials to select the optimum for different environments. From a practical point of view agronomists can predict potential yield based on dry matter production which can be helpful in determining the oil palm fertilizer requirement. PE information can also assist to identify and evaluate problem fields in oil palm plantations. La eficiencia del uso de nutrientes de la palma de aceite ha sido investigada desde 1994 en ensayos de campo tanto en el norte como en el sur de Sumatra. Los resultados de siete ensayos de campo en el periodo 1994-2009 se utilizaron para estudiar las absorciones y las eficiencias de los nutrientes aplicados. Los diversos sitios de ensayo permitieron que se investigaran los efectos de diferentes propiedades del suelo y del clima (lluvia) en el rendimiento y producción de materia seca. También se evaluó información adicional de un ensayo de vivero el cual produjo resultados similares a los de los ensayos de campo. Los resultados mostraron que la eficiencia de recuperación (ER) de nutrientes, definida como la absorción de nutrientes de la palma por unidad de nutriente dado, está sujeta a variaciones en las propiedades del sitio. Sin embargo, los ensayos de campo y en vivero demostraron que la eficiencia fisiológica (EF), o incremento del rendimiento por unidad de absorción de nutrientes de la palma de aceite, a una edad específica, permanece relativamente constante en una serie de ambientes diferentes. El rendimiento aumentado por unidad de un fertilizante dado, conocido como eficiencia agronómica (EA) es únicamente dependiente de la eficiencia de recuperación. Si se supone que las actuales prácticas de campo diarias han sido establecidas para cumplir con una ER y una productividad óptimas, entonces los agrónomos están capacitados para evaluar la EF de varios materiales de siembra de la palma de aceite para seleccionar lo ideal para diferentes ambientes. Desde un punto de vista práctico, los agrónomos pueden predecir el rendimiento potencial basado en la producción de materia seca, lo que puede ser de ayuda para determinar el requerimiento de fertilizantes de la palma de aceite. La información de la eficiencia fisiológica también puede ayudar a identificar y evaluar los campos con problemas en las plantaciones de palma de aceite.
Oil palm nutrient use efficiency has been investigated in both north and south Sumatra field trials since 1994. The results from seven field trials over 1994-2009 was used to study the uptake and efficiencies of applied nutrients. The different trial sites allowed effects of different soil properties and climate (rainfall) on dry matter production and yield to be investigated. Additional information was also assessed from a nursery trial which produced similar results to the field trial results. The results showed that the nutrient recovery efficiency (RE) defined as palm nutrient uptake per unit of given nutrient is subject to variation in site properties. However, the field and nursery trial results demonstrated that the physiological efficiency (PE), or yield increment per unit of nutrient uptake of oil palm, at a particular age, remains relatively constant over a range of different environments. The increased yield per unit of given fertilizer known as agronomic efficiency (AE) is therefore solely dependent upon the RE. Assuming the current daily field practices have been established to meet optimal RE and yield then agronomists are able to assess PE of different oil palm planting materials to select the optimum for different environments. From a practical point of view agronomists can predict potential yield based on dry matter production which can be helpful in determining the oil palm fertilizer requirement. PE information can also assist to identify and evaluate problem fields in oil palm plantations.
Palabras clave:
palm nutrient
field trials
dry matter
nutrient recovery efficiency (RE)
physiological efficiency (PE)
agronomic efficiency (AE)
nutrientes de la palma de aceite
ensayos de campo
materia seca
eficiencia de recuperación (ER) de nutrientes
eficiencia fisiológica (EF)
eficiencia agronómica (EA)
palm nutrient
field trials
dry matter
nutrient recovery efficiency (RE)
physiological efficiency (PE)
agronomic efficiency (AE)
nutrientes de la palma de aceite
ensayos de campo
materia seca
eficiencia de recuperación (ER) de nutrientes
eficiencia fisiológica (EF)
eficiencia agronómica (EA)
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