Abstract
En investigación agrícola, y en particular en cultivos perennes como la palma de aceite, frecuentemente se realizan ensayos con estructuras factoriales completas, en las cuales todos los niveles de cada factor analizado se combinan entre sí para conformar la estructura de tratamientos. Sin embargo, algunas veces es necesario considerar tratamientos adicionales, generalmente testigos, diseñando ensayos con estructuras factoriales aumentadas, es decir, la estructura básica del experimento más los tratamientos adicionales, los cuales generalmente corresponden a testigos absolutos o relativos. En el primer caso, se considera la no aplicación de tratamiento, mientras que en el segundo se incorpora un tratamiento local de la zona de estudio.Trials with complete factor structures, where all the levels of each factor being studied are combined with each other to create the treatment structure, are frequently carried out in agricultural research, particularly on perennial crops, such as oil palm. However, one or more additional treatments must be considered sometimes. These are generally control subjects, with whom trials with enhanced factor structures are formed: the basic structure of the experiment + the additional  processing, which usually corresponds to absolute or relative control subjects. In the first case, we consider the non-application of the treatment, and in the second, a local treatment of the area under study. These trials pose the question of how to analyze the data so that the treatments in general are not only evaluated as a single source of variation but, on the contrary, to consider and evaluate the main effects of every factor and their possible interactions. The objective of this paper is to present a data analysis alternative, which consists in factorizing the sum of squares for treatments in comparisons that are relevant to the researcher based on orthogonal contrasts which involved comparisons for main effects, interaction effects, and comparisons involving the additional treatments in oil palm research studies.