Mixing 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Pollen, Could it be Considered as an Alternative for Obtaining Normal Fruits within Artificial Pollination in the Hybrid Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis?
Author
Ruiz-Romero , Rodrigo
Daza, Edison
Calpa , Ángela
Hernán M., Romero
Estadisticas
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 41 Núm. 2 (2020); 38-47
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 41 Núm. 2 (2020); 38-47
0121-2923
Abstract
Assisted pollination is an agronomic practice that must be done in OxG hybrid cultivars to achieve adequate bunch formation close to 65% with high oil extraction rates between 18-21%. The requirement of assisted polli- nation is caused mainly by the low viability and germination potential of the hybrid’s pollen. Recent research developed by Cenipalma, using the plant growth regulator 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), showed that it is possible to induce parthenocarpic (seedless) fruits without using pollen. NAA applications to female inflorescences lead to better physical composition of the bunches and higher oil yields. One of the forms to apply the growth regulator is as a powder basis in a mixture with pollen, to produce some normal fruits to improve the pressing process in the mill and oil palm kernel recovery. However, there is not enough research about the benefits of this practice (mixture pollen + NAA), taking into account that NAA could impact pollen behavior. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of NAA on pollen viability and germinability. This evaluation is the first step to determine the benefits of using pollen + NAA as a commercial practice in the OxG interspecific hybrids. The results showed that NAA negatively affected pollen germinability, causing a 90% reduction in the germi- nation rate in less than 30 minutes of physical NAA and pollen contact. Pollen viability was also influenced by NAA, although not in the same magnitude as germinability. Thus, NAA caused a reduction of 22 percentage points in pollen viability at 20 minutes of physical contact between the plant growth regulator and the pollen. Regarding the number of normal fruits that are formed by the application of the mixture pollen + ANA, it was almost a third of what occurs when only pollen is used, corroborating the results observed in the laboratory. In conclusion, the physical mixture of pollen with ANA is not recommended in OxG interspecific hybrids, consid- ering the reduction of pollen germination and therefore the production of normal fruits (with kernel). La polinización asistida es una práctica agronómica que debe hacerse en los cultivares híbridos interespecíficos OxG para lograr la formación de los racimos con eficiencias de polinización cercanas al 65 % y tasas de extracción de aceite entre 18 y 21 %. El requerimiento de la polinización asistida se debe principalmente a la baja viabilidad y potencial de germinación del polen de los híbridos. Investigaciones recientes desarrolladas por Cenipalma, usando el regulador de crecimiento ácido 1-naftalenacético (ANA) en líquido, concluyeron que es posible inducir la formación de frutos partenocárpicos (sin semilla) sin la utilización de polen, lo que conlleva a una mejor conformación del racimo y mayores rendimientos de aceite en comparación con los obtenidos en la polinización asistida. A nivel industrial se hicieron variaciones en la metodología, lo que condujo a aplicar el ANA espolvoreado sumado a la adición de polen en la mezcla, como una manera de mejorar no solo la cantidad de frutos normales sino también el prensado del fruto en la planta de beneficio. A la fecha, no se tienen investigaciones que muestren la efectividad de esta práctica, a pesar de que se viene llevando a cabo hace más de dos años en algunas plantaciones. Es así como, el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el impacto de ANA sobre la viabilidad y germinabilidad del polen, siendo el primer paso para determinar los beneficios de usar la mezcla polen + ANA como una práctica comercial en los híbridos interespecíficos OxG. Los resultados mostraron que el ANA afectó negativamente la germinabilidad del polen, causando una reducción del 90 % de la tasa de germinación en menos de 30 minutos de contacto físico entre estos dos. También, la viabilidad del polen fue afectada por ANA, aunque no en la mis- ma proporción que la germinabilidad, pues causó una reducción de 22 puntos porcentuales en la viabilidad, 20 minutos después del contacto físico entre el regulador de crecimiento y el polen. Respecto al número de frutos normales que se forman por la aplicación de la mezcla polen + ANA fue de casi un tercio de lo que se presenta cuando se usa solo polen, corroborando los resultados observados en el laboratorio. En conclusión, no se reco- mienda la mezcla física de polen con ANA en los híbridos interespecíficos OxG, considerando la reducción de la germinabilidad del polen y, por consiguiente, la producción de frutos normales (con almendra).
Assisted pollination is an agronomic practice that must be done in OxG hybrid cultivars to achieve adequate bunch formation close to 65% with high oil extraction rates between 18-21%. The requirement of assisted polli- nation is caused mainly by the low viability and germination potential of the hybrid’s pollen. Recent research developed by Cenipalma, using the plant growth regulator 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), showed that it is possible to induce parthenocarpic (seedless) fruits without using pollen. NAA applications to female inflorescences lead to better physical composition of the bunches and higher oil yields. One of the forms to apply the growth regulator is as a powder basis in a mixture with pollen, to produce some normal fruits to improve the pressing process in the mill and oil palm kernel recovery. However, there is not enough research about the benefits of this practice (mixture pollen + NAA), taking into account that NAA could impact pollen behavior. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of NAA on pollen viability and germinability. This evaluation is the first step to determine the benefits of using pollen + NAA as a commercial practice in the OxG interspecific hybrids. The results showed that NAA negatively affected pollen germinability, causing a 90% reduction in the germi- nation rate in less than 30 minutes of physical NAA and pollen contact. Pollen viability was also influenced by NAA, although not in the same magnitude as germinability. Thus, NAA caused a reduction of 22 percentage points in pollen viability at 20 minutes of physical contact between the plant growth regulator and the pollen. Regarding the number of normal fruits that are formed by the application of the mixture pollen + ANA, it was almost a third of what occurs when only pollen is used, corroborating the results observed in the laboratory. In conclusion, the physical mixture of pollen with ANA is not recommended in OxG interspecific hybrids, consid- ering the reduction of pollen germination and therefore the production of normal fruits (with kernel).
Palabras clave:
Germinability
viability
physical composition of the bunches
OxG hybrid
germinabilidad
viabilidad
composición física del racimo
híbrido OxG
Germinability
viability
physical composition of the bunches
OxG hybrid
germinabilidad
viabilidad
composición física del racimo
híbrido OxG