| dc.creator | Jelsma, Idsert | |
| dc.creator | Woittiez, Lotte S. Woittiez | |
| dc.creator | Ollivier, Jean | |
| dc.creator | Hadi Dharmawan , Arya | |
| dc.date | 2020-07-16 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-03-13T22:29:56Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-03-13T22:29:56Z | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.fedepalma.org/handle/123456789/145447 | |
| dc.description | Palm oil has become a leading vegetable oil over the past 30 years and smallholder farmers in Indonesia, with more than 12 million hectare the world’s largest producer of palm oil, have massively engaged in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation. In Sumatra, where more than 60 % of Indonesian palm oil is cultivated, smallholders currently cover roughly 50 % of the oil palm area. The rapid expansion of palm oil however did not happen without controversy. In current efforts by the Indonesian government, NGO’s and private sector to improve sector performance, smallholders are often characterized as the Achilles heel of the oil palm sector due to poor practices and low yields compared to companies. However, ‘oil palm smallholders’ is a container concept and there has been only limited research into smallholder diversity beyond the organised versus independent farmer dichotomy. This research delves into the implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) among seven types of independent smallholders in Rokan Hulu regency, Riau province. The research area consisted of a relative established agricultural area on mineral soils and a relative frontier, mostly on peat. Smallholder types ranged from small local farmers to large farmers who usually reside in urban areas far from their plantation and regard oil palm cultivation as an investment opportunity. The underlying hypothesis is that larger farmers have more capital and therefore implement better agricultural practices than small farmers, who are usually more cash constrained. A wide range of methods was applied, including farmer and farm surveys, remote sensing, tissue analysis and photo interpretation by experts. These methods provided data on fertilizer use, nutrient conditions in oil palms, planting material, planting patterns, and other management practices in the plantations. Results show that yields are poor, implementation of GAP are limited and there is much room for improvement among all farmer types. Poor planting materials, square planting patterns, and limited nutrient applications were particularly prevalent. This implies that farmers across different typologies opt for a low-input low-output system for a myriad of reasons and that under current conditions, initiatives such as improving access to finance or availability of good planting material alone are unlikely to significantly improve the productivity and sustainability of the smallholder oil palm sector. | en-US |
| dc.description | Durante los últimos 30 años el aceite de palma se convirtió en el principal aceite vegetal, y los pequeños productores en Indonesia, el principal productor de aceite de palma (Elaeis guineensis) del mundo con más de 12 millones de hectáreas, adoptaron este cultivo de forma masiva. En Sumatra, donde se cultiva más del 60 % del aceite de palma de Indonesia, los pequeños productores cubren aproximadamente el 50 % del área actual sembrada con este cultivo. Sin embargo, su rápida expansión no ha estado libre de controversias. En los esfuerzos actuales del gobierno de Indonesia, la empresa privada y varias ONG para mejorar el desempeño del sector, los pequeños productores suelen ser caracterizados como el talón de Aquiles debido a sus pobres prácticas y bajos rendimientos, en comparación con las compañías. No obstante, “pequeños productores de palma de aceite” es un concepto global y solo existe una limitada investigación respecto a su diversidad, más allá de la división de agricultores independientes frente a organizados. Esta investigación ahonda en la implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA) en siete tipos de pequeños productores independientes en el distrito (Kabupaten) de Rokan Hulu, en la provincia de Riau. La investigación fue realizada en un área agrícola establecida relacionada con suelos minerales y en una frontera relativa, principalmente a turba. Los tipos de productores variaron de pequeños locales a grandes agricultores que, usualmente, residían en áreas urbanas apartadas de sus plan- taciones y que consideraban el cultivo de la palma de aceite como una oportunidad de inversión. La hipótesis subyacente es que los grandes agricultores tienen más capital y, por lo tanto, implementan mejores prácticas agrícolas que los pequeños, quienes suelen tener más limitaciones de dinero. Se aplicaron varios métodos, incluyendo encuestas a agricultores y sobre las fincas, teledetección, análisis de tejidos e interpretación de fotografías por expertos. Estos métodos proporcionaron datos sobre el uso de fertilizante, las condiciones de nutrientes de las palmas de aceite, material y patrones de siembra y otras prácticas de manejo en las plantaciones. Los resultados mostraron que los rendimientos eran pobres, la implementación de BPA era limitada y que había mucho por mejorar entre todos los tipos de agricultores. Los materiales de siembra deficientes, patrones de siembra cuadrados y la aplicación limitada de nutrientes fueron particularmente comunes. Esto implicó que las varias tipologías de agricultores eligieran un sistema de baja demanda de insumos y baja productividad por varias razones, y que bajo las condiciones actuales, sea poco probable que iniciativas como optimizar el acceso a fondos o a la disponibilidad de buenos materiales de siembra, mejoren significativamente, por sí solas, la productividad y sostenibilidad del sector de los pequeños productores de palma de aceite. | es-ES |
| dc.format | application/pdf | |
| dc.language | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Fedepalma | es-ES |
| dc.relation | https://publicaciones.fedepalma.org/index.php/palmas/article/view/13126/12934 | |
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| dc.source | Palmas; Vol. 41 Núm. 1 (2020); 36-63 | es-ES |
| dc.source | 2744-8266 | |
| dc.subject | Oil palm | en-US |
| dc.subject | smallholders | en-US |
| dc.subject | farmer typology | en-US |
| dc.subject | land use | en-US |
| dc.subject | intensification | en-US |
| dc.subject | Indonesia | en-US |
| dc.subject | palma de aceite | es-ES |
| dc.subject | pequeños productores | es-ES |
| dc.subject | tipología de agricultores | es-ES |
| dc.subject | uso de la tierra | es-ES |
| dc.subject | intensificación | es-ES |
| dc.subject | Indonesia | es-ES |
| dc.title | Do Wealthy Farmers Implement Better Agricultural Practices? An Assessment of implementation of Good Agricultural Practices among Different Types of Independent Oil Palm Smallholders in Riau, Indonesia | en-US |
| dc.title | ¿Los agricultores ricos implementan mejores prácticas agrícolas? Una evaluación de la implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas entre diferentes tipos de pequeños productores independientes de palma de aceite en Riau, Indonesia | es-ES |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dc.identifier.url | https://publicaciones.fedepalma.org/index.php/palmas/article/view/13126 | |
