| dc.creator | Lappeenranta University of Technology.
55111 | |
| dc.creator | Heinimö, Jussi.
55112 | |
| dc.creator | Helin, Tuomas.
55113 | |
| dc.creator | Kujanpää, Marjukka.
55114 | |
| dc.creator | Linnanen, Lassi .
55115 | |
| dc.creator | Panapanaan, Virgilio.
55116 | |
| dc.creator | Soukka, Risto.
55117 | |
| dc.date | 2009. | |
| dc.identifier | URN:ISBN:978-952-214-758-5 | |
| dc.description | The global demand for palm oil is growing, thus prompting an increase in the global production particularly in Malaysian and Indonesia. Such increasing demand for palm oil is due to palm oil's relatively cheap price and versatile advantage both in edible and non-edible applications. Along with the increasing demand for palm oil, particularly for the production of biofuel, is a heated debate on its sustainability. Ecological degradation, climate change and social issues are among the main sustainability issues pressing the whole palm oil industry today. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects fulfilling the imperatives of the Kyoto Protocol are starting to gain momentum in Malaysia as reflected by the increasing registration of CDM projects in the palm oil mills. Most CDM projects in palm oil mills are on waste-to-energy, co-composting, and methane recovery with the latter being the most common. The study on greenhouse gases (GHG) in the milling process points that biogas collection and energy utilisation has the greatest positive effect on GHG balance. On the other hand, empty fruit bunches (EFB) end-use as energy and high energy efficiency of the mill have the least effect on GHG balance of the mill. The range of direct GHG emissions from the palm oil mill is from 2.5 to 27 gCO2e/MJCPO, while the range of GHG emissions with all indirect and avoided emissions included is from -9 to 29 gCO2e/MJCPO. Comparing this GHG balance result with that of the EU RES-Directive suggests a further check on the values and emissions consideration of the latter. | |
| dc.description | Incluye referencias bibliográficas. | |
| dc.description | 1. Introduction | |
| dc.description | 1.1 General | |
| dc.description | 1.2 Short biology of oil palm plant | |
| dc.description | 1.3 Brief historical and updated palm oil production data | |
| dc.description | 10. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) | |
| dc.description | 11. CDM in Malaysia | |
| dc.description | 12. Recent and on-going CDM projects on palm oil | |
| dc.description | 13. Eligible areas for CDM project | |
| dc.description | 13.1 Use of palm oil waste for the production of thermal energy | |
| dc.description | 13.2 Methane recovery with energy production | |
| dc.description | 13.3 Co-composting of POME and EFB | |
| dc.description | 14. Organisation of the CDM projects in Malaysia | |
| dc.description | 15. GHG Balance and carbon footprinting | |
| dc.description | 16. Study unit: palm oil production (milling) process | |
| dc.description | 17. Principles in carbon footprinting calculation | |
| dc.description | 18. Methodological considerations in carbon footprinting | |
| dc.description | 18.1 Goal and scope definition | |
| dc.description | 18.2 Functional unit | |
| dc.description | 18.3 System boundary | |
| dc.description | 18.4 Allocation procedures | |
| dc.description | 18.5 Data sources and quality | |
| dc.description | 18.6 Material balance of palm oil milling process | |
| dc.description | 18.7 Direct, indirect and avoided emissionss | |
| dc.description | 18.8 Scenario setting | |
| dc.description | 18.9 Key assumptions in the GHG balance calculation | |
| dc.description | 19. Carbon footprint results | |
| dc.description | 19.1 GHG balance scenarios | |
| dc.description | 19.2 Interpretations and analysis | |
| dc.description | 19.3 Emission savings calculations and RES-directive | |
| dc.description | 2. Palm oil products utilisation and demand | |
| dc.description | 2.1 Global consumption of palm oil | |
| dc.description | 2.2 Palm oil for biofuel: alternative cheaper source of energy | |
| dc.description | 20. Technological considerations | |
| dc.description | 21. Summary and conclusion | |
| dc.description | 3. Palm oil production process | |
| dc.description | 3.1 General description of palm oil processing | |
| dc.description | 3.2 The palm oil process flow | |
| dc.description | 4. Major players in the palm oil industry | |
| dc.description | 4.1 Upstream producers | |
| dc.description | 4.2 Downstream producers | |
| dc.description | 4.3 Exporters and importers of palm oil | |
| dc.description | 4.4 Industry organisations | |
| dc.description | 4.5 Government agencies | |
| dc.description | 4.6 Other players | |
| dc.description | 4.7 Customers | |
| dc.description | 5. Issues and impacts of palm oil production | |
| dc.description | 5.1 Ecological issues and impacts | |
| dc.description | 5.2 Socio-economic issues and impacts | |
| dc.description | 5.3 Waste and pollution from palm oil production and management | |
| dc.description | 5.4 Ecological cultivation of palm oil | |
| dc.description | 6. Sustainability and the roundtable on sustainable palm oil | |
| dc.description | 7. Policy issues | |
| dc.description | 8. Research on palm oil | |
| dc.description | 9. Palm oil industry - Forecast and future | |
| dc.description | Part I. Overview of the palm oil industry | |
| dc.description | Part II. CDM Projects in palm oil industry | |
| dc.description | Part III. Greenhouse gas balance in palm oil milling | |
| dc.description | The global demand for palm oil is growing, thus prompting an increase in the global production particularly in Malaysian and Indonesia. Such increasing demand for palm oil is due to palm oil's relatively cheap price and versatile advantage both in edible and non-edible applications. Along with the increasing demand for palm oil, particularly for the production of biofuel, is a heated debate on its sustainability. Ecological degradation, climate change and social issues are among the main sustainability issues pressing the whole palm oil industry today. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects fulfilling the imperatives of the Kyoto Protocol are starting to gain momentum in Malaysia as reflected by the increasing registration of CDM projects in the palm oil mills. Most CDM projects in palm oil mills are on waste-to-energy, co-composting, and methane recovery with the latter being the most common. The study on greenhouse gases (GHG) in the milling process points that biogas collection and energy utilisation has the greatest positive effect on GHG balance. On the other hand, empty fruit bunches (EFB) end-use as energy and high energy efficiency of the mill have the least effect on GHG balance of the mill. The range of direct GHG emissions from the palm oil mill is from 2.5 to 27 gCO2e/MJCPO, while the range of GHG emissions with all indirect and avoided emissions included is from -9 to 29 gCO2e/MJCPO. Comparing this GHG balance result with that of the EU RES-Directive suggests a further check on the values and emissions consideration of the latter. | |
| dc.language | | |
| dc.publisher | Lappeenranta (Finlandia) : Lappeenranta University of Technology, | |
| dc.subject | Aceite de palma | |
| dc.subject | Impacto ambiental. | |
| dc.subject | Modelos de Desarrollo Limpio | |
| dc.subject | Procesos industriales | |
| dc.subject | Sostenibilidad. | |
| dc.title | Sustainability of palm oil production and opportunities for finnish technology and know-how transfer. | |
| dc.type | text | |
