Risks and prospects for the Colombian oil palm in the South American trading integration
Publicación:
Revista Palmas; Vol. 19 Núm. especial (1998); 98-124
0121-2923
Revista Palmas; Vol. 19 Núm. especial (1998); 98-124
0121-2923
Abstract
Andean Community is currently negotiating an agreement for making up a free commerce zone with Mercosur to be executed by the end of 1997. Within the oil chain, there are several different views making difficult to reach to an agreement about harmonization on both, granted preferences and lowering of taxes. Palm growers and Colombian manufacturers will face with huge risks form such an agreement, since Argentina and Brazil are Strong Competitors "At World level" about costs and scale in main substitute products (soybean, sunflower and cotton seed oils). Presently, in spite of tariff protection, Colombian seed and oil imports come from Argentina and only a portion form Bolivia and United States. In addition, such countries perform and project both important investments through said chain, and some infrastructure that will competitively strengthen them for the next coming decades. About palm oil, individually taken, they are not clearly competitors, and therefore, Colombia and Ecuador will nave current or potential advantage within the group. Main beneficiaries in Colombia will be consumers. Palm oil growers hardly would be winners considering that Colombia is not a low-cost world leader and both Brazilian and Argentinean palm oil consumption is less than low. Palm oil growers and Colombian manufacturers shall win about the market segments that allow to be complementary and shall defend its markets in those cases where there are few substitute products making the difference In its markets. Oil vegetable blend manufacturing costs (Palm-soy) for cold climates will drop, but substitution effect may be greater (in Colombia) depending on the relative prices. Likewise, margarines made out of palm oil have some advantages gradually gaining market share, since they require no hydrogenation. Olein may directly compete in warm climate within the extended market. Frying industrial market requiring high temperatures also may offer opportunities. No-food usages for palm kernel oil can be an unexploited potential, in oleochemical development for third countries extended market. Therefore, In order to face with competitive (discipline] challenge, businessmen are to make high strategic investments in Colombia along the chain requiring, therefore, an encouraging setting which implies a change on government priorities in order to assure macroeconomic and institutional safety, infrastructure, and stability. La Comunidad Andina está negociando un convenio para la conformación de una zona de libre comercio con el Mercosur, que debe estar perfeccionado al final del año de 1997. En la cadena de las oleaginosas existen distintas ópticas que han dificultado llegar a un acuerdo sobre la armonización de las preferencias otorgadas y sobre los plazos de desgravación. Los palmicultores y los industriales colombianos enfrentarán riesgos de gran magnitud provenientes de dicho acuerdo, puesto que Argentina y Brasil son claros competidores de "talla" mundial en costos y escala en los principales sustitutos [aceites de soya, girasol y de semilla de algodón). Actualmente, no obstante la protección arancelaria, las importaciones de semillas y aceites que realiza Colombia provienen de la Argentina y sólo en parte de Bolivia y Estados Unidos. Además, esos países realizan y proyectan substanciales inversiones a lo largo de la cadena y en infraestructura que los fortalecerá competitivamente en las próximas décadas. En aceite de palma, individualmente no son claramente competitivos y, en consecuencia, Colombia y Ecuador tendrían ventaja actual o potencial dentro del grupo. Los principales beneficiarios en Colombia serían los consumidores. Los productores difícilmente ganarían, puesto que Colombia no es líder mundial de bajo costo y el consumo de aceite de palma y sus derivados en la Argentina y Brasil es insignificante. Los palmicultores e industriales colombianos ganarán en los segmentos de mercado que permitan complementariedad y defenderán sus mercados, en los casos donde haya poca sustitubilidad, diferenciando sus mercados. Los costos de la fabricación de mezclas de aceites vegetales (soya/palma] para climas fríos bajarán por reducción y posterior eliminación del arancel del aceite de soya importado, pero el efecto de sustitución puede ser mayor (en Colombia), dependiendo de los precios relativos. Asimismo, las margarinas a base de aceite de palma tienen ventajas y podrían ganar mercado gradualmente, puesto que no requieren hidrogenación. La oleína puede competir directamente en los climas cálidos del mercado ampliado. El mercado industrial de frituras que requieren altas temperaturas también puede ofrecer oportunidades. Los usos no alimenticios del aceite de palmiste pueden ampliarse como quiera que hay pequeñas importaciones en el Mercosur. Finalmente podría haber un potencial, aún no explotado, en el desarrollo de la oleoquímica para el mercado ampliado y de terceros países. En consecuencia, para enfrentar el reto (disciplina) competitivo(a), los empresarios deberán hacer altas inversiones estratégicas en Colombia a lo largo de la cadena, para lo cual requerirán un entorno estimulante que implica seguridad, infraestructura y estabilidad macroeconómica e institucional.
Andean Community is currently negotiating an agreement for making up a free commerce zone with Mercosur to be executed by the end of 1997. Within the oil chain, there are several different views making difficult to reach to an agreement about harmonization on both, granted preferences and lowering of taxes. Palm growers and Colombian manufacturers will face with huge risks form such an agreement, since Argentina and Brazil are Strong Competitors "At World level" about costs and scale in main substitute products (soybean, sunflower and cotton seed oils). Presently, in spite of tariff protection, Colombian seed and oil imports come from Argentina and only a portion form Bolivia and United States. In addition, such countries perform and project both important investments through said chain, and some infrastructure that will competitively strengthen them for the next coming decades. About palm oil, individually taken, they are not clearly competitors, and therefore, Colombia and Ecuador will nave current or potential advantage within the group. Main beneficiaries in Colombia will be consumers. Palm oil growers hardly would be winners considering that Colombia is not a low-cost world leader and both Brazilian and Argentinean palm oil consumption is less than low. Palm oil growers and Colombian manufacturers shall win about the market segments that allow to be complementary and shall defend its markets in those cases where there are few substitute products making the difference In its markets. Oil vegetable blend manufacturing costs (Palm-soy) for cold climates will drop, but substitution effect may be greater (in Colombia) depending on the relative prices. Likewise, margarines made out of palm oil have some advantages gradually gaining market share, since they require no hydrogenation. Olein may directly compete in warm climate within the extended market. Frying industrial market requiring high temperatures also may offer opportunities. No-food usages for palm kernel oil can be an unexploited potential, in oleochemical development for third countries extended market. Therefore, In order to face with competitive (discipline] challenge, businessmen are to make high strategic investments in Colombia along the chain requiring, therefore, an encouraging setting which implies a change on government priorities in order to assure macroeconomic and institutional safety, infrastructure, and stability.
Palabras clave:
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
competitividad
industria de la palma
industria del aceite de palma
Mercosur
Comunidad Andina
comercialización
acuerdos comerciales
América del Sur
sector palmicultor
palma de aceite
elaeis guineensis
competitividad
industria de la palma
industria del aceite de palma
Mercosur
Comunidad Andina
comercialización
acuerdos comerciales
América del Sur
sector palmicultor
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